Coord and rect views and freezing; Fixed font glitches.

src/mightypork/gamecore/audio/DeferredAudio.java

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package mightypork.gamecore.audio;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 
-import mightypork.gamecore.loading.BaseDeferredResource;
+import mightypork.gamecore.loading.DeferredResource;
 import mightypork.utils.files.FileUtils;
 import mightypork.utils.logging.LoggedName;
 import mightypork.utils.math.coord.Coord;
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import org.newdawn.slick.openal.SoundStore;
  * @author MightyPork
  */
 @LoggedName(name = "Audio")
-public class DeferredAudio extends BaseDeferredResource {
+public class DeferredAudio extends DeferredResource {
 	
 	private enum PlayMode
 	{
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ public class DeferredAudio extends BaseDeferredResource {
 	 */
 	public int playAsEffect(double pitch, double gain, boolean loop, double x, double y)
 	{
-		return playAsEffect(pitch, gain, loop, x, y, SoundSystem.getListener().z);
+		return playAsEffect(pitch, gain, loop, x, y, SoundSystem.getListener().z());
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ public class DeferredAudio extends BaseDeferredResource {
 	{
 		if (!ensureLoaded()) return -1;
 		
-		return playAsEffect(pitch, gain, loop, pos.x, pos.y, pos.z);
+		return playAsEffect(pitch, gain, loop, pos.x(), pos.y(), pos.z());
 	}
 	
 	

src/mightypork/gamecore/audio/SoundSystem.java

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ import org.newdawn.slick.openal.SoundStore;
  */
 public class SoundSystem extends RootBusNode implements Updateable {
 	
-	private static final Coord INITIAL_LISTENER_POS = new Coord(0, 0, 0);
+	private static final Coord INITIAL_LISTENER_POS = Coord.ZERO;
 	private static final int MAX_SOURCES = 256;
 	
 	private static Coord listener = new Coord();
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ public class SoundSystem extends RootBusNode implements Updateable {
 		FloatBuffer buf3 = Buffers.alloc(3);
 		FloatBuffer buf6 = Buffers.alloc(6);
 		buf3.clear();
-		Buffers.fill(buf3, (float) pos.x, (float) pos.y, (float) pos.z);
+		Buffers.fill(buf3, pos.xf(), pos.yf(), pos.zf());
 		AL10.alListener(AL10.AL_POSITION, buf3);
 		buf3.clear();
 		Buffers.fill(buf3, 0, 0, 0);

src/mightypork/gamecore/control/GameLoop.java

@@ -64,7 +64,9 @@ public abstract class GameLoop extends AppModule implements MainLoopTaskRequest.
 			
 			beforeRender();
 			
-			if (rootRenderable != null) rootRenderable.render();
+			if (rootRenderable != null) {
+				rootRenderable.render();
+			}
 			
 			afterRender();
 			

src/mightypork/gamecore/control/bus/events/ResourceLoadRequest.java

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ package mightypork.gamecore.control.bus.events;
 
 
 import mightypork.gamecore.control.bus.events.types.SingleReceiverEvent;
-import mightypork.gamecore.loading.DeferredResource;
+import mightypork.gamecore.loading.Deferred;
 
 
 /**
@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@ import mightypork.gamecore.loading.DeferredResource;
 @SingleReceiverEvent
 public class ResourceLoadRequest implements Event<ResourceLoadRequest.Listener> {
 	
-	private final DeferredResource resource;
+	private final Deferred resource;
 	
 	
 	/**
 	 * @param resource resource to load
 	 */
-	public ResourceLoadRequest(DeferredResource resource) {
+	public ResourceLoadRequest(Deferred resource) {
 		this.resource = resource;
 	}
 	
@@ -42,6 +42,6 @@ public class ResourceLoadRequest implements Event<ResourceLoadRequest.Listener>
 		 * 
 		 * @param resource
 		 */
-		void loadResource(DeferredResource resource);
+		void loadResource(Deferred resource);
 	}
 }

src/mightypork/gamecore/gui/components/painters/TextPainter.java

@@ -6,12 +6,16 @@ import mightypork.gamecore.render.fonts.FontRenderer;
 import mightypork.gamecore.render.fonts.FontRenderer.Align;
 import mightypork.gamecore.render.fonts.GLFont;
 import mightypork.utils.math.color.RGB;
+import mightypork.utils.math.coord.Coord;
+import mightypork.utils.math.coord.Rect;
 import mightypork.utils.string.StringProvider;
 import mightypork.utils.string.StringProvider.StringWrapper;
 
 
 /**
- * Text painting component
+ * Text painting component.<br>
+ * Drawing values are obtained through getters, so overriding getters can be
+ * used to change parameters dynamically.
  * 
  * @author MightyPork
  */
@@ -21,6 +25,10 @@ public class TextPainter extends PluggableRenderer {
 	private RGB color;
 	private Align align;
 	private StringProvider text;
+	private boolean shadow;
+	
+	private RGB shadowColor = RGB.BLACK;
+	private Coord shadowOffset = Coord.one();
 	
 	
 	/**
@@ -70,110 +78,68 @@ public class TextPainter extends PluggableRenderer {
 	}
 	
 	
-	/**
-	 * Use size specified during font init instead of size provided by
-	 * {@link GLFont} instance (measured from tile heights.<br>
-	 * This is better when the font is drawn in original size, but can cause
-	 * weird artifacts if the font is scaled up.
-	 * 
-	 * @param enable use it
-	 */
-	public void usePtSize(boolean enable)
-	{
-		font.usePtSize(enable);
-	}
-	
-	
 	@Override
 	public void render()
 	{
-		if (getText() == null) return;
+		if (text == null) return;
 		
-		font.draw(getText(), getRect(), getAlign(), getColor());
+		final String str = text.getString();
+		final Rect rect = getRect();
+		
+		if (shadow) {
+			font.draw(str, rect.add(shadowOffset), align, shadowColor);
+		}
+		font.draw(str, rect, align, color);
+	}
+	
+	
+	public void setShadow(RGB color, Coord offset)
+	{
+		setShadow(true);
+		setShadowColor(color);
+		setShadowOffset(offset);
+	}
+	
+	
+	public void setShadow(boolean shadow)
+	{
+		this.shadow = shadow;
+	}
+	
+	
+	public void setShadowColor(RGB shadowColor)
+	{
+		this.shadowColor = shadowColor;
+	}
+	
+	
+	public void setShadowOffset(Coord shadowOffset)
+	{
+		this.shadowOffset = shadowOffset;
 	}
 	
 	
-	/**
-	 * Assign paint color
-	 * 
-	 * @param color paint color
-	 */
 	public void setColor(RGB color)
 	{
 		this.color = color;
 	}
 	
 	
-	/**
-	 * Set text align
-	 * 
-	 * @param align text align
-	 */
 	public void setAlign(Align align)
 	{
 		this.align = align;
 	}
 	
 	
-	/**
-	 * Set drawn text
-	 * 
-	 * @param text text
-	 */
 	public void setText(String text)
 	{
 		this.text = new StringWrapper(text);
 	}
 	
 	
-	/**
-	 * Set drawn text provider
-	 * 
-	 * @param text text provider
-	 */
 	public void setText(StringProvider text)
 	{
 		this.text = text;
 	}
 	
-	
-	/**
-	 * Get draw color.<br>
-	 * <i>This getter is used for getting drawing color; so if it's overriden,
-	 * the draw color can be adjusted in real time.</i>
-	 * 
-	 * @return drawing color
-	 */
-	public RGB getColor()
-	{
-		return color;
-	}
-	
-	
-	/**
-	 * Get text align.<br>
-	 * <i>This getter is used for getting align; so if it's overidden, the align
-	 * can be adjusted in real time.</i>
-	 * 
-	 * @return text align
-	 */
-	public Align getAlign()
-	{
-		return align;
-	}
-	
-	
-	/**
-	 * Get text to draw.<br>
-	 * <i>This getter is used for getting text to draw; so if it's overidden,
-	 * the text can be adjusted in real time. (alternative to using
-	 * StringProvider)</i>
-	 * 
-	 * @return text align
-	 */
-	public String getText()
-	{
-		return text.getString();
-	}
-	
 }

src/mightypork/gamecore/gui/constraints/Constraints.java

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ public class Constraints {
 		@Override
 		public double getValue()
 		{
-			return InputSystem.getMousePos().x;
+			return InputSystem.getMousePos().x();
 		}
 	};
 	
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ public class Constraints {
 		@Override
 		public double getValue()
 		{
-			return InputSystem.getMousePos().y;
+			return InputSystem.getMousePos().y();
 		}
 	};
 	
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ public class Constraints {
 			@Override
 			public double getValue()
 			{
-				return r.getRect().getSize().x;
+				return r.getRect().getSize().x();
 			}
 		};
 	}
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ public class Constraints {
 			@Override
 			public double getValue()
 			{
-				return r.getRect().getSize().y;
+				return r.getRect().getSize().y();
 			}
 		};
 	}
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ public class Constraints {
 			@Override
 			public Rect getRect()
 			{
-				final double height = r.getRect().getSize().y;
+				final double height = r.getRect().getSize().y();
 				final double perRow = height / rows;
 				
 				final Coord origin = r.getRect().getOrigin().add(0, perRow * index);
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ public class Constraints {
 			@Override
 			public Rect getRect()
 			{
-				final double width = r.getRect().getSize().x;
+				final double width = r.getRect().getSize().x();
 				final double perCol = width / columns;
 				
 				final Coord origin = r.getRect().getOrigin().add(perCol * index, 0);
@@ -312,8 +312,8 @@ public class Constraints {
 			@Override
 			public Rect getRect()
 			{
-				final double height = r.getRect().getSize().y;
-				final double width = r.getRect().getSize().y;
+				final double height = r.getRect().getSize().y();
+				final double width = r.getRect().getSize().y();
 				final double perRow = height / rows;
 				final double perCol = width / cols;
 				
@@ -522,8 +522,8 @@ public class Constraints {
 				
 				//@formatter:off
 				return Rect.fromSize(
-						origin.x,
-						origin.y,
+						origin.x(),
+						origin.y(),
 						_nv(width),
 						_nv(height)
 				);
@@ -544,8 +544,8 @@ public class Constraints {
 				
 				//@formatter:off
 				return Rect.fromSize(
-						origin.x + _nv(x),
-						origin.y + _nv(y),						
+						origin.x() + _nv(x),
+						origin.y() + _nv(y),						
 						_nv(width),
 						_nv(height)
 				);
@@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ public class Constraints {
 				final Coord size = r.getRect().getSize();
 				final Coord center = centerTo.getRect().getCenter();
 				
-				return Rect.fromSize(center.x - size.x / 2D, center.y - size.y / 2D, size.x, size.y);
+				return Rect.fromSize(center.x() - size.x() / 2D, center.y() - size.y() / 2D, size.x(), size.y());
 			}
 		};
 	}
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ public class Constraints {
 			{
 				final Coord size = r.getRect().getSize();
 				
-				return Rect.fromSize(_nv(x) - size.x / 2D, _nv(y) - size.y / 2D, size.x, size.y);
+				return Rect.fromSize(_nv(x) - size.x() / 2D, _nv(y) - size.y() / 2D, size.x(), size.y());
 			}
 		};
 	}

src/mightypork/gamecore/gui/screens/LayeredScreen.java

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.TreeSet;
 
 import mightypork.gamecore.control.AppAccess;
-import mightypork.gamecore.render.Render;
 import mightypork.utils.math.coord.Coord;
 
 
@@ -31,9 +30,7 @@ public abstract class LayeredScreen extends Screen {
 	protected void renderScreen()
 	{
 		for (final ScreenLayer layer : layers) {
-			Render.pushState();
 			layer.render();
-			Render.popState();
 		}
 	}
 	

src/mightypork/gamecore/input/InputSystem.java

@@ -129,10 +129,10 @@ public class InputSystem extends RootBusNode implements Updateable, KeyBinder {
 		}
 		
 		if (button != -1 || wheeld != 0) {
-			getEventBus().send(new MouseButtonEvent(pos, button, down, wheeld));
+			getEventBus().send(new MouseButtonEvent(pos.freeze(), button, down, wheeld));
 		}
 		
-		moveSum.add_ip(move);
+		moveSum.add_ip(move.freeze());
 		lastPos.setTo(pos);
 	}
 	
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ public class InputSystem extends RootBusNode implements Updateable, KeyBinder {
 	
 	private static void flipScrY(Coord c)
 	{
-		if (DisplaySystem.yAxisDown) c.setY_ip(DisplaySystem.getSize().y - c.y);
+		if (DisplaySystem.yAxisDown) c.setY_ip(DisplaySystem.getSize().y() - c.y());
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ public class InputSystem extends RootBusNode implements Updateable, KeyBinder {
 	{
 		final Coord pos = new Coord(Mouse.getX(), Mouse.getY());
 		flipScrY(pos);
-		return pos;
+		return pos.freeze();
 	}
 	
 	

src/mightypork/gamecore/loading/AsyncResourceLoader.java

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
 import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
 
 import mightypork.gamecore.control.bus.BusAccess;
-import mightypork.gamecore.control.bus.events.MainLoopTaskRequest;
 import mightypork.gamecore.control.bus.events.ResourceLoadRequest;
 import mightypork.gamecore.control.interf.Destroyable;
 import mightypork.utils.logging.Log;
@@ -33,8 +32,9 @@ public class AsyncResourceLoader extends Thread implements ResourceLoadRequest.L
 	
 	private final ExecutorService exs = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
 	
-	private final LinkedBlockingQueue<DeferredResource> toLoad = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>();
+	private final LinkedBlockingQueue<Deferred> toLoad = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>();
 	private volatile boolean stopped;
+	@SuppressWarnings("unused")
 	private final BusAccess app;
 	
 	
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ public class AsyncResourceLoader extends Thread implements ResourceLoadRequest.L
 	
 	
 	@Override
-	public void loadResource(final DeferredResource resource)
+	public void loadResource(final Deferred resource)
 	{
 		if (resource.isLoaded()) return;
 		if (resource instanceof NullResource) return;
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ public class AsyncResourceLoader extends Thread implements ResourceLoadRequest.L
 		// textures & fonts needs to be loaded in main thread
 		if (resource.getClass().isAnnotationPresent(MustLoadInMainThread.class)) {
 			
-			// just ignore
+			Log.f3("<LOADER> Cannot load async: " + Log.str(resource));
 			
 //			Log.f3("<LOADER> Delegating to main thread:\n    " + Log.str(resource));
 //			
@@ -85,12 +85,12 @@ public class AsyncResourceLoader extends Thread implements ResourceLoadRequest.L
 		while (!stopped) {
 			
 			try {
-				final DeferredResource def = toLoad.take();
+				final Deferred def = toLoad.take();
 				if (def == null) continue;
 				
 				if (!def.isLoaded()) {
 					
-					Log.f3("<LOADER> Loading async:\n    " + Log.str(def));
+					Log.f3("<LOADER> Loading: " + Log.str(def));
 					
 					exs.submit(new Runnable() {
 						

src/mightypork/gamecore/loading/BaseDeferredResource.java

@@ -1,144 +0,0 @@
-package mightypork.gamecore.loading;
-
-
-import mightypork.gamecore.control.interf.Destroyable;
-import mightypork.utils.logging.Log;
-import mightypork.utils.logging.LoggedName;
-
-
-/**
- * Deferred resource abstraction.<br>
- * Resources implementing {@link NullResource} will be treated as fake and not
- * attempted to load.
- * 
- * @author MightyPork
- */
-@LoggedName(name = "Resource")
-public abstract class BaseDeferredResource implements DeferredResource, Destroyable {
-	
-	private final String resource;
-	private volatile boolean loadFailed = false;
-	private volatile boolean loadAttempted = false;
-	
-	
-	/**
-	 * @param resource resource path / name; this string is later used in
-	 *            loadResource()
-	 */
-	public BaseDeferredResource(String resource) {
-		this.resource = resource;
-	}
-	
-	
-	@Override
-	public synchronized final void load()
-	{
-		if(loadFailed) return;
-		
-		if (loadAttempted) {
-			Log.w("<RES> Already loaded @ load():\n    " + this);
-			(new IllegalStateException()).printStackTrace();
-			return;
-		}
-		
-		loadAttempted = true;
-		
-		loadFailed = false;
-		
-		if (isNull()) return;
-		try {
-			if (resource == null) {
-				throw new NullPointerException("Resource string cannot be null for non-null resource.");
-			}
-			
-			Log.f3("<RES> Loading:\n    " + this);
-			loadResource(resource);
-			Log.f3("<RES> Loaded:\n    " + this);
-		} catch (final Exception e) {
-			loadFailed = true;
-			Log.e("<RES> Failed to load:\n    " + this, e);
-		}
-	}
-	
-	
-	@Override
-	public synchronized final boolean isLoaded()
-	{
-		if (isNull()) return false;
-		
-		return loadAttempted && !loadFailed;
-	}
-	
-	
-	/**
-	 * Check if the resource is loaded; if not, try to do so.
-	 * 
-	 * @return true if it's loaded now.
-	 */
-	public synchronized final boolean ensureLoaded()
-	{
-		if (isNull()) return false;
-		
-		if (isLoaded()) {
-			return true;
-		} else {
-			if(loadFailed) return false;
-			
-			Log.f3("<RES> (!) First use, not loaded yet - loading directly\n    " + this);
-			load();
-		}
-		
-		return isLoaded();
-	}
-	
-	
-	/**
-	 * Load the resource. Called from load() - once only.
-	 * 
-	 * @param resource the path / name of a resource
-	 * @throws Exception when some problem prevented the resource from being
-	 *             loaded.
-	 */
-	protected abstract void loadResource(String resource) throws Exception;
-	
-	
-	@Override
-	public abstract void destroy();
-	
-	
-	@Override
-	public String toString()
-	{
-		return Log.str(getClass()) + "(\"" + resource + "\")";
-	}
-	
-	
-	@Override
-	public int hashCode()
-	{
-		final int prime = 31;
-		int result = 1;
-		result = prime * result + ((resource == null) ? 0 : resource.hashCode());
-		return result;
-	}
-	
-	
-	@Override
-	public boolean equals(Object obj)
-	{
-		if (this == obj) return true;
-		if (obj == null) return false;
-		if (!(obj instanceof BaseDeferredResource)) return false;
-		final BaseDeferredResource other = (BaseDeferredResource) obj;
-		if (resource == null) {
-			if (other.resource != null) return false;
-		} else if (!resource.equals(other.resource)) return false;
-		return true;
-	}
-	
-	
-	private boolean isNull()
-	{
-		return this instanceof NullResource;
-	}
-}

src/mightypork/gamecore/loading/Deferred.java

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package mightypork.gamecore.loading;
+
+
+/**
+ * Deferred resource
+ * 
+ * @author MightyPork
+ */
+public interface Deferred {
+	
+	/**
+	 * Load the actual resource, if not loaded yet.
+	 */
+	void load();
+	
+	
+	/**
+	 * Check if resource was successfully loaded.
+	 * 
+	 * @return true if already loaded
+	 */
+	boolean isLoaded();
+}

src/mightypork/gamecore/loading/DeferredResource.java

@@ -1,23 +1,140 @@
 package mightypork.gamecore.loading;
 
 
+import mightypork.gamecore.control.interf.Destroyable;
+import mightypork.utils.logging.Log;
+import mightypork.utils.logging.LoggedName;
+
+
 /**
- * Deferred resource
+ * Deferred resource abstraction.<br>
+ * Resources implementing {@link NullResource} will be treated as fake and not
+ * attempted to load.
  * 
  * @author MightyPork
  */
-public interface DeferredResource {
+@LoggedName(name = "Resource")
+public abstract class DeferredResource implements Deferred, Destroyable {
+	
+	private final String resource;
+	private volatile boolean loadFailed = false;
+	private volatile boolean loadAttempted = false;
+	
 	
 	/**
-	 * Load the actual resource, if not loaded yet.
+	 * @param resource resource path / name; this string is later used in
+	 *            loadResource()
 	 */
-	void load();
+	public DeferredResource(String resource) {
+		this.resource = resource;
+	}
+	
+	
+	@Override
+	public synchronized final void load()
+	{
+		if (loadFailed) return;
+		
+		if (loadAttempted) return;
+		
+		loadAttempted = true;
+		
+		loadFailed = false;
+		
+		if (isNull()) return;
+		try {
+			if (resource == null) {
+				throw new NullPointerException("Resource string cannot be null for non-null resource.");
+			}
+			
+			Log.f3("<RES> Loading: " + this);
+			loadResource(resource);
+			Log.f3("<RES> Loaded: " + this);
+		} catch (final Exception e) {
+			loadFailed = true;
+			Log.e("<RES> Failed to load: " + this, e);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	
+	@Override
+	public synchronized final boolean isLoaded()
+	{
+		if (isNull()) return false;
+		
+		return loadAttempted && !loadFailed;
+	}
 	
 	
 	/**
-	 * Check if resource was successfully loaded.
+	 * Check if the resource is loaded; if not, try to do so.
 	 * 
-	 * @return true if already loaded
+	 * @return true if it's loaded now.
 	 */
-	boolean isLoaded();
+	public synchronized final boolean ensureLoaded()
+	{
+		if (isNull()) return false;
+		
+		if (isLoaded()) {
+			return true;
+		} else {
+			if (loadFailed) return false;
+			
+			Log.f3("<RES> (!) Loading on access: " + this);
+			load();
+		}
+		
+		return isLoaded();
+	}
+	
+	
+	/**
+	 * Load the resource. Called from load() - once only.
+	 * 
+	 * @param resource the path / name of a resource
+	 * @throws Exception when some problem prevented the resource from being
+	 *             loaded.
+	 */
+	protected abstract void loadResource(String resource) throws Exception;
+	
+	
+	@Override
+	public abstract void destroy();
+	
+	
+	@Override
+	public String toString()
+	{
+		return Log.str(getClass()) + "(\"" + resource + "\")";
+	}
+	
+	
+	@Override
+	public int hashCode()
+	{
+		final int prime = 31;
+		int result = 1;
+		result = prime * result + ((resource == null) ? 0 : resource.hashCode());
+		return result;
+	}
+	
+	
+	@Override
+	public boolean equals(Object obj)
+	{
+		if (this == obj) return true;
+		if (obj == null) return false;
+		if (!(obj instanceof DeferredResource)) return false;
+		final DeferredResource other = (DeferredResource) obj;
+		if (resource == null) {
+			if (other.resource != null) return false;
+		} else if (!resource.equals(other.resource)) return false;
+		return true;
+	}
+	
+	
+	private boolean isNull()
+	{
+		return this instanceof NullResource;
+	}
 }

src/mightypork/gamecore/render/DisplaySystem.java

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import mightypork.gamecore.control.timing.FpsMeter;
 import mightypork.gamecore.gui.constraints.NumberConstraint;
 import mightypork.gamecore.gui.constraints.RectConstraint;
 import mightypork.utils.logging.Log;
+import mightypork.utils.math.coord.ConstraintCoordView;
 import mightypork.utils.math.coord.Coord;
 import mightypork.utils.math.coord.Rect;
 
@@ -176,7 +177,7 @@ public class DisplaySystem extends AppModule implements RectConstraint {
 	 */
 	public static Coord getSize()
 	{
-		return new Coord(getWidth(), getHeight());
+		return size;
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -227,7 +228,7 @@ public class DisplaySystem extends AppModule implements RectConstraint {
 	@Override
 	public Rect getRect()
 	{
-		return new Rect(getSize());
+		return new Rect(Coord.ZERO, getSize());
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -240,7 +241,7 @@ public class DisplaySystem extends AppModule implements RectConstraint {
 	}
 	
 	/** Screen width constraint */
-	public final NumberConstraint width = new NumberConstraint() {
+	public static final NumberConstraint width = new NumberConstraint() {
 		
 		@Override
 		public double getValue()
@@ -250,7 +251,7 @@ public class DisplaySystem extends AppModule implements RectConstraint {
 	};
 	
 	/** Screen height constaint */
-	public final NumberConstraint height = new NumberConstraint() {
+	public static final NumberConstraint height = new NumberConstraint() {
 		
 		@Override
 		public double getValue()
@@ -258,4 +259,6 @@ public class DisplaySystem extends AppModule implements RectConstraint {
 			return getHeight();
 		}
 	};
+	
+	public static final ConstraintCoordView size = new ConstraintCoordView(width, height, null);
 }

src/mightypork/gamecore/render/Render.java

@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ import org.newdawn.slick.util.ResourceLoader;
  */
 public class Render {
 	
-	private static final Coord AXIS_X = new Coord(1, 0, 0);
-	private static final Coord AXIS_Y = new Coord(0, 1, 0);
-	private static final Coord AXIS_Z = new Coord(0, 0, 1);
+	public static final Coord AXIS_X = new Coord(1, 0, 0).freeze();
+	public static final Coord AXIS_Y = new Coord(0, 1, 0).freeze();
+	public static final Coord AXIS_Z = new Coord(0, 0, 1).freeze();
 	
 	
 	/**
@@ -54,6 +54,31 @@ public class Render {
 	}
 	
 	
+	/**
+	 * Translate
+	 * 
+	 * @param x
+	 * @param y
+	 */
+	public static void translate(double x, double y)
+	{
+		glTranslated(x, y, 0);
+	}
+	
+	
+	/**
+	 * Translate
+	 * 
+	 * @param x
+	 * @param y
+	 * @param z
+	 */
+	public static void translate(double x, double y, double z)
+	{
+		glTranslated(x, y, z);
+	}
+	
+	
 	/**
 	 * Translate with coord
 	 * 
@@ -61,7 +86,32 @@ public class Render {
 	 */
 	public static void translate(Coord coord)
 	{
-		glTranslated(coord.x, coord.y, coord.z);
+		glTranslated(coord.x(), coord.y(), coord.z());
+	}
+	
+	
+	/**
+	 * Scale
+	 * 
+	 * @param x
+	 * @param y
+	 */
+	public static void scale(double x, double y)
+	{
+		glScaled(x, y, 0);
+	}
+	
+	
+	/**
+	 * Scale
+	 * 
+	 * @param x
+	 * @param y
+	 * @param z
+	 */
+	public static void scale(double x, double y, double z)
+	{
+		glScaled(x, y, z);
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -72,7 +122,7 @@ public class Render {
 	 */
 	public static void scale(Coord factor)
 	{
-		glScaled(factor.x, factor.y, factor.z);
+		glScaled(factor.x(), factor.y(), factor.z());
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -162,7 +212,7 @@ public class Render {
 	public static void rotate(double angle, Coord axis)
 	{
 		final Coord vec = axis.norm(1);
-		glRotated(angle, vec.x, vec.y, vec.z);
+		glRotated(angle, vec.x(), vec.y(), vec.z());
 	}
 	
 	private static int pushed = 0;
@@ -179,8 +229,6 @@ public class Render {
 			Log.w("Suspicious number of state pushes: " + pushed);
 		}
 		
-//		Log.f3("push : "+pushed);
-		
 		GL11.glPushAttrib(GL11.GL_ALL_ATTRIB_BITS);
 		GL11.glPushClientAttrib(GL11.GL_ALL_CLIENT_ATTRIB_BITS);
 		GL11.glMatrixMode(GL11.GL_MODELVIEW);
@@ -188,10 +236,6 @@ public class Render {
 		GL11.glMatrixMode(GL11.GL_PROJECTION);
 		GL11.glPushMatrix();
 		GL11.glMatrixMode(GL11.GL_MODELVIEW);
-		
-//		GL11.glPushAttrib(GL11.GL_ALL_ATTRIB_BITS);
-//		GL11.glPushClientAttrib(GL11.GL_ALL_CLIENT_ATTRIB_BITS);
-//		GL11.glPushMatrix();
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -206,18 +250,30 @@ public class Render {
 		
 		pushed--;
 		
-//		Log.f3("pop  : "+pushed);
-		
 		GL11.glMatrixMode(GL11.GL_PROJECTION);
 		GL11.glPopMatrix();
 		GL11.glMatrixMode(GL11.GL_MODELVIEW);
 		GL11.glPopMatrix();
 		GL11.glPopClientAttrib();
 		GL11.glPopAttrib();
-		
-//		GL11.glPopMatrix();
-//		GL11.glPopClientAttrib();
-//		GL11.glPopAttrib();
+	}
+	
+	
+	/**
+	 * Store matrix
+	 */
+	public static void pushMatrix()
+	{
+		GL11.glPushMatrix();
+	}
+	
+	
+	/**
+	 * Restore Gl state
+	 */
+	public static void popMatrix()
+	{
+		GL11.glPopMatrix();
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -254,24 +310,11 @@ public class Render {
 	 * Bind texture
 	 * 
 	 * @param texture the texture
-	 * @param linear use linear interpolation for scaling
-	 * @throws RuntimeException if not loaded yet
-	 */
-	private static void bindTexture(Texture texture, boolean linear) throws RuntimeException
-	{
-		texture.bind();
-	}
-	
-	
-	/**
-	 * Bind texture with linear interpolation
-	 * 
-	 * @param texture the texture
 	 * @throws RuntimeException if not loaded yet
 	 */
 	private static void bindTexture(Texture texture) throws RuntimeException
 	{
-		bindTexture(texture, false);
+		texture.bind();
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -280,9 +323,9 @@ public class Render {
 	 */
 	private static void unbindTexture()
 	{
-		if (TextureImpl.getLastBind() != null) {
-			TextureImpl.bindNone();
-		}
+		//if (TextureImpl.getLastBind() != null) {
+		TextureImpl.bindNone();
+		//}
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -437,11 +480,10 @@ public class Render {
 	 */
 	public static void quadTextured(Rect quad, Rect uvs, Texture texture, RGB tint)
 	{
-		pushState();
 		bindTexture(texture);
 		setColor(tint);
 		quadUV(quad, uvs);
-		popState();
+		unbindTexture();
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -466,7 +508,7 @@ public class Render {
 	 */
 	public static void quadTextured(Rect quad, Texture texture)
 	{
-		quadTextured(quad, Rect.one(), texture, RGB.WHITE);
+		quadTextured(quad, Rect.ONE, texture, RGB.WHITE);
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -505,7 +547,7 @@ public class Render {
 		glLoadIdentity();
 		final Coord s = DisplaySystem.getSize();
 		glViewport(0, 0, s.xi(), s.yi());
-		glOrtho(0, s.x, (DisplaySystem.yAxisDown ? 1 : -1) * s.y, 0, -1000, 1000);
+		glOrtho(0, s.x(), (DisplaySystem.yAxisDown ? 1 : -1) * s.y(), 0, -1000, 1000);
 		
 		// back to modelview
 		glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
@@ -523,7 +565,7 @@ public class Render {
 		glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH);
 		
 		glEnable(GL_BLEND);
-		glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);	
+		glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
 	}
 	
 }

src/mightypork/gamecore/render/fonts/FontBank.java

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ import java.util.HashMap;
 import mightypork.gamecore.control.AppAccess;
 import mightypork.gamecore.control.AppAdapter;
 import mightypork.gamecore.control.bus.events.ResourceLoadRequest;
+import mightypork.gamecore.render.fonts.impl.DeferredFont;
+import mightypork.gamecore.render.fonts.impl.NullFont;
 import mightypork.utils.logging.Log;
 
 import org.newdawn.slick.opengl.Texture;

src/mightypork/gamecore/render/fonts/FontRenderer.java

@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@ import mightypork.utils.math.color.RGB;
 import mightypork.utils.math.coord.Coord;
 import mightypork.utils.math.coord.Rect;
 
-import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
-
 
 /**
  * Font renderer
@@ -17,7 +15,6 @@ import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
 public class FontRenderer {
 	
 	private GLFont font;
-	private boolean nativeRes = false;
 	
 	public static enum Align
 	{
@@ -45,20 +42,6 @@ public class FontRenderer {
 	}
 	
 	
-	/**
-	 * Use size specified during font init instead of size provided by
-	 * {@link GLFont} instance (measured from tile heights.<br>
-	 * This is better when the font is drawn in original size, but can cause
-	 * weird artifacts if the font is scaled up.
-	 * 
-	 * @param use use it
-	 */
-	public void usePtSize(boolean use)
-	{
-		nativeRes = use;
-	}
-	
-	
 	/**
 	 * Get region needed to draw text at size
 	 * 
@@ -81,13 +64,13 @@ public class FontRenderer {
 	 */
 	public double getWidth(String text, double height)
 	{
-		return getNeededSpace(text, height).x;
+		return getNeededSpace(text, height).x();
 	}
 	
 	
 	private double getScale(double height)
 	{
-		return height / (nativeRes ? font.getSize() : font.getGlyphHeight());
+		return height / font.getHeight();
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -123,15 +106,14 @@ public class FontRenderer {
 	 */
 	public void draw(String text, Coord pos, double height, RGB color)
 	{
-		//Render.pushState();
+		Render.pushMatrix();
 		
-		//GL11.glEnable(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D);
 		Render.translate(pos.round());
 		Render.scaleXY(getScale(height));
 		
 		font.draw(text, color);
 		
-		//Render.popState();
+		Render.popMatrix();
 	}
 	
 	

src/mightypork/gamecore/render/fonts/GLFont.java

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package mightypork.gamecore.render.fonts;
 
 
-import mightypork.gamecore.render.textures.FilterMode;
 import mightypork.utils.math.color.RGB;
 import mightypork.utils.math.coord.Coord;
 
@@ -14,9 +13,9 @@ import mightypork.utils.math.coord.Coord;
 public interface GLFont {
 	
 	/**
-	 * Draw string at position
+	 * Draw without scaling at (0, 0) in given color.
 	 * 
-	 * @param text string to draw
+	 * @param text text to draw
 	 * @param color draw color
 	 */
 	void draw(String text, RGB color);
@@ -34,7 +33,7 @@ public interface GLFont {
 	/**
 	 * @return font height
 	 */
-	int getGlyphHeight();
+	int getHeight();
 	
 	
 	/**
@@ -48,20 +47,4 @@ public interface GLFont {
 	 * @return specified font size
 	 */
 	int getSize();
-
-	/**
-	 * Set used filtering
-	 * 
-	 * @param filter font filtering mode
-	 */
-	void setFiltering(FilterMode filter);
-	
-	
-	/**
-	 * Get used filter mode
-	 * 
-	 * @return filter mode
-	 */
-	FilterMode getFiltering();
-	
 }

src/mightypork/gamecore/render/fonts/SlickFont.java

@@ -1,134 +0,0 @@
-package mightypork.gamecore.render.fonts;
-
-
-import static org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11.*;
-
-import java.awt.Font;
-
-import mightypork.gamecore.render.Render;
-import mightypork.gamecore.render.textures.FilterMode;
-import mightypork.utils.math.color.RGB;
-import mightypork.utils.math.coord.Coord;
-
-import org.newdawn.slick.Color;
-import org.newdawn.slick.TrueTypeFont;
-
-
-/**
- * Wrapper for slick font
- * 
- * @author MightyPork
- */
-public class SlickFont implements GLFont {
-	
-	private final TrueTypeFont ttf;
-	private FilterMode filter;
-	private final int fsize;
-	
-	
-	/**
-	 * A font with ASCII and extra chars
-	 * 
-	 * @param font font to load
-	 * @param filtering filtering mode
-	 * @param extraChars extra chars to load
-	 */
-	public SlickFont(Font font, FilterMode filtering, String extraChars) {
-		
-		this.filter = filtering;
-		this.fsize = font.getSize();
-		ttf = new TrueTypeFont(font, true, stripASCII(extraChars));
-	}
-	
-	
-
-	@Override
-	public void setFiltering(FilterMode filter)
-	{
-		this.filter = filter;
-	}
-	
-	
-	private static char[] stripASCII(String chars)
-	{
-		if (chars == null) return null;
-		
-		final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
-		for (final char c : chars.toCharArray()) {
-			if (c <= 255) continue; // already included in default set
-			sb.append(c);
-		}
-		
-		return sb.toString().toCharArray();
-	}
-	
-	
-	private void prepareForRender()
-	{
-		glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP);
-		glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP);
-		glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, filter.num);
-		glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, filter.num);
-	}
-	
-	
-	/**
-	 * Draw in color
-	 * 
-	 * @param str string to draw
-	 * @param color text color
-	 */
-	@Override
-	public void draw(String str, RGB color)
-	{
-		Render.pushState();
-		
-		prepareForRender();
-		ttf.drawString(0, 0, str, rgbToSlickColor(color));
-		
-		Render.popState();
-	}
-	
-	
-	private static Color rgbToSlickColor(RGB rgb)
-	{
-		return new Color((float) rgb.r, (float) rgb.g, (float) rgb.b, (float) rgb.a);
-	}
-	
-	
-	@Override
-	public Coord getNeededSpace(String text)
-	{
-		return new Coord(getWidth(text), getGlyphHeight());
-	}
-	
-	
-	@Override
-	public int getGlyphHeight()
-	{
-		return ttf.getHeight();
-	}
-	
-	
-	@Override
-	public int getWidth(String text)
-	{
-		return ttf.getWidth(text);
-	}
-	
-	
-	@Override
-	public int getSize()
-	{
-		return fsize;
-	}
-
-
-
-	@Override
-	public FilterMode getFiltering()
-	{
-		return filter;
-	}
-	
-}

src/mightypork/gamecore/render/fonts/impl/CachedFont.java

@@ -0,0 +1,430 @@
+package mightypork.gamecore.render.fonts.impl;
+
+
+import static org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11.*;
+
+import java.awt.Color;
+import java.awt.FontMetrics;
+import java.awt.Graphics2D;
+import java.awt.RenderingHints;
+import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
+import java.awt.image.DataBuffer;
+import java.awt.image.DataBufferByte;
+import java.awt.image.DataBufferInt;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+import java.nio.IntBuffer;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import mightypork.gamecore.render.fonts.GLFont;
+import mightypork.gamecore.render.textures.FilterMode;
+import mightypork.utils.logging.Log;
+import mightypork.utils.math.color.RGB;
+import mightypork.utils.math.coord.Coord;
+
+import org.lwjgl.BufferUtils;
+import org.lwjgl.util.glu.GLU;
+import org.newdawn.slick.opengl.GLUtils;
+
+
+/**
+ * A TrueType font renderer with backing texture.
+ * 
+ * @author James Chambers (Jimmy)
+ * @author Jeremy Adams (elias4444)
+ * @author Kevin Glass (kevglass)
+ * @author Peter Korzuszek (genail)
+ * @author David Aaron Muhar (bobjob)
+ * @author MightyPork
+ */
+public class CachedFont implements GLFont {
+	
+	private class CharTile {
+		
+		public int width;
+		public int height;
+		public int texPosX;
+		public int texPosY;
+	}
+	
+	/* char bank */
+	private final Map<Character, CharTile> chars = new HashMap<>(255);
+	
+	/* use antialiasing for rendering */
+	private final boolean antiAlias;
+	
+	/* loaded font size (requested) */
+	private final int fontSize;
+	
+	/* actual height of drawn glyphs */
+	private int fontHeight;
+	
+	/* texture id */
+	private int textureID;
+	
+	/* texture width */
+	private int textureWidth;
+	
+	/* texture height */
+	private int textureHeight;
+	
+	/* AWT font source */
+	private final java.awt.Font font;
+	
+	private final FilterMode filter;
+	
+	
+	/**
+	 * Make a font
+	 * 
+	 * @param font original awt font to load
+	 * @param antialias use antialiasing when rendering to cache texture
+	 * @param filter used Gl filter
+	 * @param chars chars to load
+	 */
+	public CachedFont(java.awt.Font font, boolean antialias, FilterMode filter, String chars) {
+		this(font, antialias, filter, chars.toCharArray());
+	}
+	
+	
+	/**
+	 * Make a font
+	 * 
+	 * @param font original awt font to load
+	 * @param antialias use antialiasing when rendering to cache texture
+	 * @param filter used Gl filter
+	 * @param chars chars to load
+	 */
+	public CachedFont(java.awt.Font font, boolean antialias, FilterMode filter, char[] chars) {
+		GLUtils.checkGLContext();
+		
+		this.font = font;
+		this.filter = filter;
+		this.fontSize = font.getSize();
+		this.antiAlias = antialias;
+		
+		createSet(chars);
+	}
+	
+	
+	/**
+	 * Create a BufferedImage of the given character
+	 * 
+	 * @param ch the character
+	 * @return BufferedImage containing the drawn character
+	 */
+	private BufferedImage getFontImage(char ch)
+	{
+		FontMetrics metrics;
+		BufferedImage img;
+		Graphics2D g;
+		
+		// Create a temporary image to extract the character's size
+		img = new BufferedImage(1, 1, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
+		
+		g = (Graphics2D) img.getGraphics();
+		if (antiAlias == true) g.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
+		g.setFont(font);
+		
+		metrics = g.getFontMetrics();
+		
+		final int charwidth = Math.max(1, metrics.charWidth(ch));
+		final int charheight = Math.max(fontSize, metrics.getHeight());
+		
+		// Create another image holding the character we are creating
+		final BufferedImage fontImage = new BufferedImage(charwidth, charheight, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
+		
+		g = (Graphics2D) fontImage.getGraphics();
+		if (antiAlias == true) g.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
+		g.setFont(font);
+		g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
+		g.drawString(String.valueOf(ch), 0, metrics.getAscent());
+		
+		return fontImage;
+	}
+	
+	
+	private void createSet(char[] charsToLoad)
+	{
+		try {
+			class LoadedGlyph {
+				
+				public char c;
+				public BufferedImage image;
+				public int width;
+				public int height;
+				
+				
+				public LoadedGlyph(char c, BufferedImage image) {
+					this.image = image;
+					this.c = c;
+					this.width = image.getWidth();
+					this.height = image.getHeight();
+				}
+			}
+			
+			final List<LoadedGlyph> glyphs = new ArrayList<>();
+			final List<Character> loaded = new ArrayList<>();
+			for (final char ch : charsToLoad) {
+				if (!loaded.contains(ch)) {
+					glyphs.add(new LoadedGlyph(ch, getFontImage(ch)));
+					loaded.add(ch);
+				}
+			}
+			
+			int lineHeight = 0;
+			
+			int beginX = 0, beginY = 0;
+			int canvasW = 128, canvasH = 128;
+			
+			boolean needsLarger = false;
+			
+			// find smallest 2^x size for texture
+			while (true) {
+				needsLarger = false;
+				
+				for (final LoadedGlyph glyph : glyphs) {
+					if (beginX + glyph.width > canvasW) {
+						beginY += lineHeight;
+						lineHeight = 0;
+						beginX = 0;
+					}
+					
+					if (lineHeight < glyph.height) {
+						lineHeight = glyph.height;
+					}
+					
+					if (beginY + lineHeight > canvasH) {
+						needsLarger = true;
+						break;
+					}
+					
+					// draw.
+					beginX += glyph.width;
+				}
+				
+				if (needsLarger) {
+					canvasW *= 2;
+					canvasH *= 2;
+					beginX = 0;
+					beginY = 0;
+					lineHeight = 0;
+				} else {
+					Log.f3(String.format("Generating font texture: %d×%d", canvasW, canvasH));
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+			
+			textureWidth = canvasW;
+			textureHeight = canvasH;
+			
+			BufferedImage imag = new BufferedImage(textureWidth, textureHeight, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
+			final Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) imag.getGraphics();
+			
+			g.setColor(new Color(0, 0, 0, 1));
+			g.fillRect(0, 0, textureWidth, textureHeight);
+			
+			int rowHeight = 0, posX = 0, posY = 0;
+			
+			for (final LoadedGlyph glyph : glyphs) {
+				final CharTile cht = new CharTile();
+				
+				cht.width = glyph.width;
+				cht.height = glyph.height;
+				
+				if (posX + cht.width >= textureWidth) {
+					posX = 0;
+					posY += rowHeight;
+					rowHeight = 0;
+				}
+				
+				cht.texPosX = posX;
+				cht.texPosY = posY;
+				
+				if (cht.height > fontHeight) {
+					fontHeight = cht.height;
+				}
+				
+				if (cht.height > rowHeight) {
+					rowHeight = cht.height;
+				}
+				
+				// Draw it here
+				g.drawImage(glyph.image, posX, posY, null);
+				
+				posX += cht.width;
+				
+				chars.put(glyph.c, cht);
+			}
+			
+			textureID = loadImage(imag);
+			
+			imag = null;
+			
+		} catch (final Exception e) {
+			Log.e("Failed to load font.", e);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	
+	private int loadImage(BufferedImage bufferedImage)
+	{
+		try {
+			final short width = (short) bufferedImage.getWidth();
+			final short height = (short) bufferedImage.getHeight();
+			final int bpp = (byte) bufferedImage.getColorModel().getPixelSize();
+			
+			ByteBuffer byteBuffer;
+			final DataBuffer db = bufferedImage.getData().getDataBuffer();
+			if (db instanceof DataBufferInt) {
+				final int intI[] = ((DataBufferInt) (bufferedImage.getData().getDataBuffer())).getData();
+				final byte newI[] = new byte[intI.length * 4];
+				for (int i = 0; i < intI.length; i++) {
+					final byte b[] = intToByteArray(intI[i]);
+					final int newIndex = i * 4;
+					
+					newI[newIndex] = b[1];
+					newI[newIndex + 1] = b[2];
+					newI[newIndex + 2] = b[3];
+					newI[newIndex + 3] = b[0];
+				}
+				
+				byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(width * height * (bpp / 8)).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()).put(newI);
+			} else {
+				byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(width * height * (bpp / 8)).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()).put(((DataBufferByte) (bufferedImage.getData().getDataBuffer())).getData());
+			}
+			
+			byteBuffer.flip();
+			
+			final int internalFormat = GL_RGBA8, format = GL_RGBA;
+			final IntBuffer textureId = BufferUtils.createIntBuffer(1);
+			
+			glGenTextures(textureId);
+			glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureId.get(0));
+			
+			glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP);
+			glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP);
+			
+			glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, filter.num);
+			glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
+			
+			glTexEnvf(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL_MODULATE);
+			
+			GLU.gluBuild2DMipmaps(GL_TEXTURE_2D, internalFormat, width, height, format, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, byteBuffer);
+			return textureId.get(0);
+			
+		} catch (final Exception e) {
+			Log.e("Failed to load font.", e);
+		}
+		
+		return -1;
+	}
+	
+	
+	private static byte[] intToByteArray(int value)
+	{
+		return new byte[] { (byte) (value >>> 24), (byte) (value >>> 16), (byte) (value >>> 8), (byte) value };
+	}
+	
+	
+	private void drawQuad(float xmin, float ymin, float xmax, float ymax, float txmin, float tymin, float txmax, float tymax)
+	{
+		final float draw_h = xmax - xmin;
+		final float draw_w = ymax - ymin;
+		final float txmin01 = txmin / textureWidth;
+		final float tymin01 = tymin / textureHeight;
+		final float twidth01 = ((txmax - txmin) / textureWidth);
+		final float theight01 = ((tymax - tymin) / textureHeight);
+		
+		glTexCoord2f(txmin01, tymin01);
+		glVertex2f(xmin, ymin);
+		
+		glTexCoord2f(txmin01, tymin01 + theight01);
+		glVertex2f(xmin, ymin + draw_w);
+		
+		glTexCoord2f(txmin01 + twidth01, tymin01 + theight01);
+		glVertex2f(xmin + draw_h, ymin + draw_w);
+		
+		glTexCoord2f(txmin01 + twidth01, tymin01);
+		glVertex2f(xmin + draw_h, ymin);
+	}
+	
+	
+	/**
+	 * Get size needed to draw given string
+	 * 
+	 * @param text drawn text
+	 * @return needed width
+	 */
+	@Override
+	public int getWidth(String text)
+	{
+		int totalwidth = 0;
+		CharTile ch = null;
+		for (int i = 0; i < text.length(); i++) {
+			
+			ch = chars.get(text.charAt(i));
+			
+			if (ch != null) totalwidth += ch.width;
+		}
+		return totalwidth;
+	}
+	
+	
+	@Override
+	public int getHeight()
+	{
+		return fontHeight;
+	}
+	
+	
+	@Override
+	public int getSize()
+	{
+		return fontSize;
+	}
+	
+	
+	@Override
+	public void draw(String text, RGB color)
+	{
+		GLUtils.checkGLContext();
+		
+		glPushAttrib(GL_ENABLE_BIT);
+		glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
+		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureID);
+		glColor4d(color.r, color.g, color.b, color.a);
+		glBegin(GL_QUADS);
+		
+		CharTile chtx = null;
+		char charCurrent;
+		
+		glBegin(GL_QUADS);
+		
+		int totalwidth = 0;
+		for (int i = 0; i < text.length(); i++) {
+			charCurrent = text.charAt(i);
+			
+			chtx = chars.get(charCurrent);
+			
+			if (chtx != null) {
+				drawQuad((totalwidth), 0, (totalwidth + chtx.width), (chtx.height), chtx.texPosX, chtx.texPosY, chtx.texPosX + chtx.width, chtx.texPosY + chtx.height);
+				totalwidth += chtx.width;
+			}
+		}
+		
+		glEnd();
+		glPopAttrib();
+	}
+	
+	
+	@Override
+	public Coord getNeededSpace(String text)
+	{
+		return new Coord(getWidth(text), getHeight());
+	}
+	
+}

src/mightypork/gamecore/render/fonts/impl/DeferredFont.java

@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
-package mightypork.gamecore.render.fonts;
+package mightypork.gamecore.render.fonts.impl;
 
 
-import static org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11.*;
-
 import java.awt.Font;
 import java.awt.FontFormatException;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 
-import mightypork.gamecore.loading.BaseDeferredResource;
+import mightypork.gamecore.loading.DeferredResource;
 import mightypork.gamecore.loading.MustLoadInMainThread;
+import mightypork.gamecore.render.fonts.GLFont;
 import mightypork.gamecore.render.textures.FilterMode;
 import mightypork.utils.files.FileUtils;
 import mightypork.utils.logging.LoggedName;
@@ -24,7 +23,7 @@ import mightypork.utils.math.coord.Coord;
  */
 @MustLoadInMainThread
 @LoggedName(name = "Font")
-public class DeferredFont extends BaseDeferredResource implements GLFont {
+public class DeferredFont extends DeferredResource implements GLFont {
 	
 	public static enum FontStyle
 	{
@@ -38,22 +37,24 @@ public class DeferredFont extends BaseDeferredResource implements GLFont {
 		}
 	}
 	
-	private SlickFont font = null;
-	private final double size;
-	private final FontStyle style;
-	private final String extraChars;
+	private GLFont font = null;
+	private double size;
+	private FontStyle style;
+	private String chars;
 	private FilterMode filter;
+	private boolean antialias;
 	
 	
 	/**
-	 * A font from resource
+	 * A font from resource; setters shall be used to specify parameters in
+	 * greater detail.
 	 * 
 	 * @param resourcePath resource to load
-	 * @param extraChars extra chars (0-255 loaded by default)
+	 * @param chars chars to load; null to load basic chars only
 	 * @param size size (px)
 	 */
-	public DeferredFont(String resourcePath, String extraChars, double size) {
-		this(resourcePath, extraChars, size, FontStyle.PLAIN, FilterMode.NEAREST);
+	public DeferredFont(String resourcePath, String chars, double size) {
+		this(resourcePath, chars, size, FontStyle.PLAIN, true, FilterMode.LINEAR);
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -61,30 +62,55 @@ public class DeferredFont extends BaseDeferredResource implements GLFont {
 	 * A font from resource
 	 * 
 	 * @param resourcePath resource to load
-	 * @param extraChars extra chars (0-255 loaded by default)
-	 * @param size size (pt)
-	 * @param style font style
-	 */
-	public DeferredFont(String resourcePath, String extraChars, double size, FontStyle style) {
-		this(resourcePath, extraChars, size, style, FilterMode.NEAREST);
-	}
-	
-	
-	/**
-	 * A font from resource
-	 * 
-	 * @param resourcePath resource to load
-	 * @param extraChars extra chars (0-255 loaded by default)
-	 * @param size size (pt)
+	 * @param chars chars to load; null to load basic chars only
+	 * @param size size (px)
 	 * @param style font style
+	 * @param antialias use antialiasing for caching texture
 	 * @param filter gl filtering mode
 	 */
-	public DeferredFont(String resourcePath, String extraChars, double size, FontStyle style, FilterMode filter) {
+	public DeferredFont(String resourcePath, String chars, double size, FontStyle style, boolean antialias, FilterMode filter) {
 		super(resourcePath);
 		this.size = size;
 		this.style = style;
-		this.extraChars = extraChars;
+		this.chars = chars;
 		this.filter = filter;
+		this.antialias = antialias;
+	}
+	
+	
+	public void setFont(GLFont font)
+	{
+		this.font = font;
+	}
+	
+	
+	public void setSize(double size)
+	{
+		this.size = size;
+	}
+	
+	
+	public void setStyle(FontStyle style)
+	{
+		this.style = style;
+	}
+	
+	
+	public void setChars(String chars)
+	{
+		this.chars = chars;
+	}
+	
+	
+	public void setFilter(FilterMode filter)
+	{
+		this.filter = filter;
+	}
+	
+	
+	public void setAntialias(boolean antialias)
+	{
+		this.antialias = antialias;
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -92,8 +118,8 @@ public class DeferredFont extends BaseDeferredResource implements GLFont {
 	protected synchronized final void loadResource(String path) throws FontFormatException, IOException
 	{
 		final Font awtFont = getAwtFont(path, (float) size, style.numval);
-
-		font = new SlickFont(awtFont, filter, extraChars);
+		
+		font = new CachedFont(awtFont, antialias, filter, chars);
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -109,7 +135,6 @@ public class DeferredFont extends BaseDeferredResource implements GLFont {
 	 */
 	protected Font getAwtFont(String resource, float size, int style) throws FontFormatException, IOException
 	{
-		
 		try (InputStream in = FileUtils.getResource(resource)) {
 			
 			Font awtFont = Font.createFont(Font.TRUETYPE_FONT, in);
@@ -119,7 +144,6 @@ public class DeferredFont extends BaseDeferredResource implements GLFont {
 			
 			return awtFont;
 		}
-		
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -157,11 +181,11 @@ public class DeferredFont extends BaseDeferredResource implements GLFont {
 	 * @return font height
 	 */
 	@Override
-	public int getGlyphHeight()
+	public int getHeight()
 	{
 		if (!ensureLoaded()) return 0;
 		
-		return font.getGlyphHeight();
+		return font.getHeight();
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -187,20 +211,11 @@ public class DeferredFont extends BaseDeferredResource implements GLFont {
 		// this will have to suffice
 		font = null;
 	}
-
-
-	@Override
+	
+	
 	public void setFiltering(FilterMode filter)
 	{
 		this.filter = filter;
-		
-		if(isLoaded()) font.setFiltering(filter);
-	}
-	
-	@Override
-	public FilterMode getFiltering()
-	{
-		return filter;
 	}
 	
 }

src/mightypork/gamecore/render/fonts/impl/DeferredFontNative.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package mightypork.gamecore.render.fonts;
+package mightypork.gamecore.render.fonts.impl;
 
 
 import java.awt.Font;
@@ -17,31 +17,6 @@ import mightypork.utils.logging.LoggedName;
 @LoggedName(name = "FontNative")
 public class DeferredFontNative extends DeferredFont {
 	
-	/**
-	 * A font from OS, found by name
-	 * 
-	 * @param fontName font family name
-	 * @param extraChars extra chars (0-255 loaded by default)
-	 * @param size size (pt)
-	 */
-	public DeferredFontNative(String fontName, String extraChars, double size) {
-		super(fontName, extraChars, size);
-	}
-	
-	
-	/**
-	 * A font from OS, found by name
-	 * 
-	 * @param fontName font family name
-	 * @param extraChars extra chars (0-255 loaded by default)
-	 * @param size size (pt)
-	 * @param style font style
-	 */
-	public DeferredFontNative(String fontName, String extraChars, double size, FontStyle style) {
-		super(fontName, extraChars, size, style);
-	}
-	
-	
 	/**
 	 * A font from OS, found by name
 	 * 
@@ -49,10 +24,11 @@ public class DeferredFontNative extends DeferredFont {
 	 * @param extraChars extra chars (0-255 loaded by default)
 	 * @param size size (pt)
 	 * @param style font style
+	 * @param antialias use antialiasing when drawn on the cache texture
 	 * @param filter GL filtering mode
 	 */
-	public DeferredFontNative(String fontName, String extraChars, double size, FontStyle style, FilterMode filter) {
-		super(fontName, extraChars, size, style, filter);
+	public DeferredFontNative(String fontName, String extraChars, double size, FontStyle style, boolean antialias, FilterMode filter) {
+		super(fontName, extraChars, size, style, antialias, filter);
 	}
 	
 	

src/mightypork/gamecore/render/fonts/impl/NullFont.java

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-package mightypork.gamecore.render.fonts;
+package mightypork.gamecore.render.fonts.impl;
 
 
-import mightypork.gamecore.render.textures.FilterMode;
+import mightypork.gamecore.render.fonts.GLFont;
 import mightypork.utils.logging.Log;
 import mightypork.utils.math.color.RGB;
 import mightypork.utils.math.coord.Coord;
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ public class NullFont implements GLFont {
 	
 	
 	@Override
-	public int getGlyphHeight()
+	public int getHeight()
 	{
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -47,19 +47,5 @@ public class NullFont implements GLFont {
 	{
 		return 0;
 	}
-
-
-	@Override
-	public void setFiltering(FilterMode filter)
-	{
-		// nope
-	}
-
-
-	@Override
-	public FilterMode getFiltering()
-	{
-		return null;
-	}
 	
 }

src/mightypork/gamecore/render/textures/DeferredTexture.java

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package mightypork.gamecore.render.textures;
 
 
-import mightypork.gamecore.loading.BaseDeferredResource;
+import mightypork.gamecore.loading.DeferredResource;
 import mightypork.gamecore.loading.MustLoadInMainThread;
 import mightypork.gamecore.render.Render;
 import mightypork.utils.logging.LoggedName;
@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@ import org.newdawn.slick.opengl.Texture;
  */
 @MustLoadInMainThread
 @LoggedName(name = "Texture")
-public class DeferredTexture extends BaseDeferredResource implements FilteredTexture {
+public class DeferredTexture extends DeferredResource implements FilteredTexture {
 	
 	private Texture backingTexture;
-	private FilterMode filter_min = FilterMode.NEAREST;
+	private FilterMode filter_min = FilterMode.LINEAR;
 	private FilterMode filter_mag = FilterMode.NEAREST;
 	private WrapMode wrap = WrapMode.CLAMP;
 	
@@ -90,7 +90,6 @@ public class DeferredTexture extends BaseDeferredResource implements FilteredTex
 		GL11.glTexParameteri(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, filter_mag.num);
 		
 		bindRaw();
-		
 	}
 	
 	

src/mightypork/gamecore/render/textures/TextureBank.java

@@ -33,14 +33,19 @@ public class TextureBank extends AppAdapter {
 	
 	
 	/**
-	 * Load a {@link Texture} from resource, with filters LINEAR and wrap CLAMP
+	 * Load a {@link Texture}
 	 * 
 	 * @param key texture key
-	 * @param resourcePath texture resource path
+	 * @param texture texture to load
 	 */
-	public void loadTexture(String key, String resourcePath)
+	public void loadTexture(String key, DeferredTexture texture)
 	{
-		loadTexture(key, resourcePath, FilterMode.LINEAR, FilterMode.NEAREST, WrapMode.CLAMP);
+		getEventBus().send(new ResourceLoadRequest(texture));
+		
+		textures.put(key, texture);
+		lastTx = texture;
+		
+		makeQuad(key, Rect.ONE);
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -55,16 +60,11 @@ public class TextureBank extends AppAdapter {
 	 */
 	public void loadTexture(String key, String resourcePath, FilterMode filter_min, FilterMode filter_mag, WrapMode wrap)
 	{
-		final DeferredTexture tx = new DeferredTexture(resourcePath);
-		tx.setFilter(filter_min, filter_mag);
-		tx.setWrap(wrap);
+		final DeferredTexture texture = new DeferredTexture(resourcePath);
+		texture.setFilter(filter_min, filter_mag);
+		texture.setWrap(wrap);
 		
-		getEventBus().send(new ResourceLoadRequest(tx));
-		
-		textures.put(key, tx);
-		lastTx = tx;
-		
-		makeQuad(key, Rect.one());
+		loadTexture(key, texture);
 	}
 	
 	

src/mightypork/gamecore/render/textures/TxQuad.java

@@ -70,11 +70,11 @@ public class TxQuad {
 	
 	/**
 	 * @param tx Texture
-	 * @param uvs Rect of texture UVs (0-1)
+	 * @param uvs Rect of texture UVs (0-1); will be stored as is.
 	 */
 	public TxQuad(Texture tx, Rect uvs) {
 		this.tx = tx;
-		this.uvs = uvs.copy();
+		this.uvs = uvs.view();
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ public class TxQuad {
 	 */
 	public TxQuad(TxQuad txQuad) {
 		this.tx = txQuad.tx;
-		this.uvs = txQuad.uvs.copy();
+		this.uvs = txQuad.uvs.view();
 	}
 	
 	

src/mightypork/rogue/App.java

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ public class App extends BaseApp {
 		screens.add(new ScreenTestFont(this));
 		screens.add(new ScreenTestRender(this));
 		
-		screens.showScreen("test.render");
+		screens.showScreen("test.cat");
 	}
 	
 	

src/mightypork/rogue/Res.java

@@ -6,10 +6,11 @@ import mightypork.gamecore.audio.players.EffectPlayer;
 import mightypork.gamecore.audio.players.LoopPlayer;
 import mightypork.gamecore.control.AppAccess;
 import mightypork.gamecore.control.BaseApp;
-import mightypork.gamecore.render.fonts.DeferredFont;
-import mightypork.gamecore.render.fonts.DeferredFont.FontStyle;
 import mightypork.gamecore.render.fonts.FontBank;
 import mightypork.gamecore.render.fonts.GLFont;
+import mightypork.gamecore.render.fonts.Glyphs;
+import mightypork.gamecore.render.fonts.impl.DeferredFont;
+import mightypork.gamecore.render.textures.DeferredTexture;
 import mightypork.gamecore.render.textures.FilterMode;
 import mightypork.gamecore.render.textures.TextureBank;
 import mightypork.gamecore.render.textures.TxQuad;
@@ -54,23 +55,25 @@ public class Res {
 	
 	private static void loadFonts()
 	{
-		//@formatter:off
-		fonts.loadFont(
-				"default",
-				new DeferredFont("/res/font/PolygonPixel5x7Standard.ttf",
-					null,
-					16,
-					FontStyle.PLAIN,
-					FilterMode.NEAREST
-				)
-		);
-		//@formatter:on
+		DeferredFont font;
+		
+		font = new DeferredFont("/res/font/PolygonPixel5x7Standard.ttf", Glyphs.basic, 16);
+		font.setAntialias(true);
+		font.setFilter(FilterMode.NEAREST);
+		fonts.loadFont("default", font);
+		
 	}
 	
 	
 	private static void loadTextures()
 	{
-		textures.loadTexture("test.kitten", "/res/img/kitten.png", FilterMode.LINEAR, FilterMode.NEAREST, WrapMode.CLAMP);
+		DeferredTexture texture;
+		
+		texture = new DeferredTexture("/res/img/kitten.png");
+		texture.setFilter(FilterMode.LINEAR);
+		texture.setWrap(WrapMode.CLAMP);
+		textures.loadTexture("test.kitten", texture);
+		
 	}
 	
 	

src/mightypork/rogue/screens/LayerFps.java

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package mightypork.rogue.screens;
 
 
 import static mightypork.gamecore.gui.constraints.Constraints.*;
-import static org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11.*;
 import mightypork.gamecore.gui.components.painters.TextPainter;
 import mightypork.gamecore.gui.constraints.RectConstraint;
 import mightypork.gamecore.gui.screens.Screen;
@@ -11,6 +10,7 @@ import mightypork.gamecore.render.fonts.FontRenderer.Align;
 import mightypork.gamecore.render.fonts.GLFont;
 import mightypork.rogue.Res;
 import mightypork.utils.math.color.RGB;
+import mightypork.utils.math.coord.Coord;
 import mightypork.utils.string.StringProvider;
 
 
@@ -32,11 +32,13 @@ public class LayerFps extends ScreenLayer {
 		};
 		
 		final GLFont font = Res.getFont("default");
-				
+		
 		final RectConstraint constraint = _round(_move(_grow_down(_right_top(this), 32), -8, 8));
 		
 		tp = new TextPainter(font, Align.RIGHT, RGB.WHITE, text);
 		tp.setContext(constraint);
+		
+		tp.setShadow(RGB.BLACK, Coord.at(1, 1));
 	}
 	
 	

src/mightypork/rogue/screens/test_cat_sound/LayerFlyingCat.java

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import mightypork.gamecore.control.bus.events.MouseButtonEvent;
 import mightypork.gamecore.control.timing.Updateable;
 import mightypork.gamecore.gui.components.painters.ImagePainter;
 import mightypork.gamecore.gui.components.painters.TextPainter;
-import mightypork.gamecore.gui.constraints.RectConstraint;
 import mightypork.gamecore.gui.screens.Screen;
 import mightypork.gamecore.gui.screens.ScreenLayer;
 import mightypork.gamecore.input.KeyStroke;
@@ -40,17 +39,20 @@ public class LayerFlyingCat extends ScreenLayer implements Updateable, MouseButt
 		
 		xPos.setTo(DisplaySystem.getWidth() / 2);
 		yPos.setTo(DisplaySystem.getHeight() / 2);
-		final RectConstraint catbox = _centered(_box(size, size), xPos, yPos);
 		
 		cat = new ImagePainter(Res.getTxQuad("test.kitten"));
-		cat.setContext(catbox);
+		cat.setContext(_centered(_box(size, size), xPos, yPos));
 		
-		final RectConstraint fpsbox = _centered(_box(64, 64), _mouseX, _mouseY);
-		
-		tp = new TextPainter(Res.getFont("default"), Align.CENTER, RGB.YELLOW, "Meow");
-		
-		tp.setContext(fpsbox);
+		tp = new TextPainter(Res.getFont("default"));
+		tp.setAlign(Align.CENTER);
+		tp.setColor(RGB.YELLOW);
+		tp.setText("Meow!");
+		tp.setShadow(RGB.dark(0.8), Coord.at(2, 2));
+		tp.setContext(_centered(_box(64, 64), _mouseX, _mouseY));
 		
+		/*
+		 * Register keys
+		 */
 		bindKeyStroke(new KeyStroke(Keys.KEY_RETURN), new Runnable() {
 			
 			@Override
@@ -69,6 +71,8 @@ public class LayerFlyingCat extends ScreenLayer implements Updateable, MouseButt
 		size.update(delta);
 		xPos.update(delta);
 		yPos.update(delta);
+		
+		System.out.println(cat.getRect());
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -81,8 +85,8 @@ public class LayerFlyingCat extends ScreenLayer implements Updateable, MouseButt
 		final double t = 2;
 		size.fadeTo(100 + rand.nextInt(700), t / 2D);
 		
-		xPos.fadeTo(pos.x, t);
-		yPos.fadeTo(pos.y, t);
+		xPos.fadeTo(pos.x(), t);
+		yPos.fadeTo(pos.y(), t);
 	}
 	
 	

src/mightypork/rogue/screens/test_cat_sound/ScreenTestCat.java

@@ -62,4 +62,11 @@ public class ScreenTestCat extends LayeredScreen {
 		return "test.cat";
 	}
 	
+	
+	@Override
+	protected void renderScreen()
+	{
+		
+		super.renderScreen();
+	}
 }

src/mightypork/utils/logging/Log.java

@@ -62,7 +62,11 @@ public class Log {
 	 */
 	public static void w(String msg)
 	{
-		if (staticLogging && ready()) main.w(msg);
+		if (staticLogging && ready()) {
+			main.w(msg);
+		} else {
+			System.err.println(msg);
+		}
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -73,7 +77,11 @@ public class Log {
 	 */
 	public static void e(String msg)
 	{
-		if (staticLogging && ready()) main.e(msg);
+		if (staticLogging && ready()) {
+			main.e(msg);
+		} else {
+			System.err.println(msg);
+		}
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -85,7 +93,12 @@ public class Log {
 	 */
 	public static void e(String msg, Throwable thrown)
 	{
-		if (staticLogging && ready()) main.e(msg, thrown);
+		if (staticLogging && ready()) {
+			main.e(msg, thrown);
+		} else {
+			System.err.println(msg);
+			thrown.printStackTrace();
+		}
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -96,7 +109,11 @@ public class Log {
 	 */
 	public static void e(Throwable thrown)
 	{
-		if (staticLogging && ready()) main.e(thrown);
+		if (staticLogging && ready()) {
+			main.e(thrown);
+		} else {
+			thrown.printStackTrace();
+		}
 	}
 	
 	

src/mightypork/utils/math/Calc.java

@@ -34,37 +34,23 @@ public class Calc {
 	public static double linePointDist(Coord lineDirVec, Coord linePoint, Coord point)
 	{
 		// line point L[lx,ly]
-		final double lx = linePoint.x;
-		final double ly = linePoint.y;
+		final double lx = linePoint.x();
+		final double ly = linePoint.y();
 		
 		// line equation ax+by+c=0
-		final double a = -lineDirVec.y;
-		final double b = lineDirVec.x;
+		final double a = -lineDirVec.y();
+		final double b = lineDirVec.x();
 		final double c = -a * lx - b * ly;
 		
 		// checked point P[x,y]
-		final double x = point.x;
-		final double y = point.y;
+		final double x = point.x();
+		final double y = point.y();
 		
 		// distance
 		return Math.abs(a * x + b * y + c) / Math.sqrt(a * a + b * b);
 	}
 	
 	
-	/**
-	 * Get distance from 2D line to 2D point [X,Z]
-	 * 
-	 * @param lineDirVec line directional vector
-	 * @param linePoint point of line
-	 * @param point point coordinate
-	 * @return distance
-	 */
-	public static double linePointDistXZ(Coord lineDirVec, Coord linePoint, Coord point)
-	{
-		return linePointDist(new Coord(lineDirVec.x, lineDirVec.z), new Coord(linePoint.x, linePoint.z), new Coord(point.x, point.z));
-	}
-	
-	
 	/**
 	 * Get longest side of a right-angled triangle
 	 * 

src/mightypork/utils/math/Polar.java

@@ -106,7 +106,8 @@ public class Polar {
 	 */
 	public static Polar fromCoord(Coord coord)
 	{
-		return new Polar(Math.atan2(coord.y, coord.x), Math.sqrt(Calc.square(coord.x) + Calc.square(coord.y)));
+		return Polar.fromCoord(coord.x(), coord.y());
+		
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -119,7 +120,10 @@ public class Polar {
 	 */
 	public static Polar fromCoord(double x, double y)
 	{
-		return Polar.fromCoord(new Coord(x, y));
+		final double a = Math.atan2(y, x);
+		final double r = Math.sqrt(x * x + y * y);
+		
+		return new Polar(a, r);
 	}
 	
 	

src/mightypork/utils/math/color/RGB.java

@@ -380,4 +380,15 @@ public class RGB {
 		return Double.valueOf(r).hashCode() ^ Double.valueOf(g).hashCode() ^ Double.valueOf(b).hashCode() ^ Double.valueOf(a).hashCode();
 	}
 	
+	
+	public static RGB dark(double d)
+	{
+		return new RGB(0, 0, 0, d);
+	}
+	
+	
+	public static RGB light(double d)
+	{
+		return new RGB(1, 1, 1, d);
+	}
 }

src/mightypork/utils/math/coord/ConstraintCoordView.java

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package mightypork.utils.math.coord;
+
+
+import mightypork.gamecore.gui.constraints.NumberConstraint;
+
+
+public class ConstraintCoordView extends CoordView {
+	
+	private final NumberConstraint xc;
+	private final NumberConstraint yc;
+	private final NumberConstraint zc;
+	
+	
+	public ConstraintCoordView(NumberConstraint x, NumberConstraint y, NumberConstraint z) {
+		super(null);
+		this.xc = x;
+		this.yc = y;
+		this.zc = z;
+	}
+	
+	
+	@Override
+	public double x()
+	{
+		return xc == null ? 0 : xc.getValue();
+	}
+	
+	
+	@Override
+	public double y()
+	{
+		return yc == null ? 0 : yc.getValue();
+	}
+	
+	
+	@Override
+	public double z()
+	{
+		return zc == null ? 0 : zc.getValue();
+	}
+	
+}

src/mightypork/utils/math/coord/Coord.java

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package mightypork.utils.math.coord;
 
 import java.util.Random;
 
+import mightypork.gamecore.gui.constraints.NumberConstraint;
 import mightypork.gamecore.gui.constraints.RectConstraint;
 import mightypork.utils.math.Calc;
 
@@ -12,10 +13,13 @@ import mightypork.utils.math.Calc;
  * 
  * @author MightyPork
  */
-public class Coord {
+public class Coord implements CoordValue {
 	
 	protected static Random rand = new Random();
 	
+	public static final Coord ONE = new Coord(1).freeze();
+	public static final Coord ZERO = new Coord(0).freeze();
+	
 	
 	/**
 	 * Get distance to other point
@@ -30,13 +34,31 @@ public class Coord {
 	}
 	
 	/** X coordinate */
-	public double x = 0;
+	private double x = 0;
 	
 	/** Y coordinate */
-	public double y = 0;
+	private double y = 0;
 	
 	/** Z coordinate */
-	public double z = 0;
+	private double z = 0;
+	
+	private Coord view = null;
+	
+	private boolean frozen = false;
+	
+	private NumberConstraint xc, yc, zc;
+	
+	
+	public static Coord at(double x, double y)
+	{
+		return new Coord(x, y);
+	}
+	
+	
+	public static Coord at(double x, double y, double z)
+	{
+		return new Coord(x, y, z);
+	}
 	
 	
 	/**
@@ -61,7 +83,7 @@ public class Coord {
 	 * 
 	 * @param d coord value
 	 */
-	public Coord(Number d) {
+	public Coord(double d) {
 		setTo(d, d, d);
 	}
 	
@@ -72,7 +94,7 @@ public class Coord {
 	 * @param x x coordinate
 	 * @param y y coordinate
 	 */
-	public Coord(Number x, Number y) {
+	public Coord(double x, double y) {
 		setTo(x, y);
 	}
 	
@@ -84,11 +106,63 @@ public class Coord {
 	 * @param y y coordinate
 	 * @param z z coordinate
 	 */
-	public Coord(Number x, Number y, Number z) {
+	public Coord(double x, double y, double z) {
 		setTo(x, y, z);
 	}
 	
 	
+	/**
+	 * Freeze current coordinate values.
+	 * 
+	 * @return this
+	 */
+	public Coord freeze()
+	{
+		frozen = true;
+		return this;
+	}
+	
+	
+	/**
+	 * Get view at this coord
+	 * 
+	 * @return the view
+	 */
+	public Coord view()
+	{
+		// cache last used view
+		if (view == null) view = new CoordView(this);
+		
+		return view;
+	}
+	
+	
+	/**
+	 * @return true if this coord is writable
+	 */
+	public boolean isWritable()
+	{
+		return !frozen && !isView();
+	}
+	
+	
+	/**
+	 * @return true if this coord is a view at another
+	 */
+	public boolean isView()
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+	
+	
+	protected void assertWritable()
+	{
+		if (!isWritable()) {
+			throw new UnsupportedOperationException("This Coord is not writable.");
+		}
+	}
+	
+	
 	/**
 	 * Add a vector, in a copy
 	 * 
@@ -109,7 +183,7 @@ public class Coord {
 	 */
 	public Coord add_ip(Coord vec)
 	{
-		return add_ip(vec.x, vec.y, vec.z);
+		return add_ip(vec.x(), vec.y(), vec.z());
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -121,7 +195,7 @@ public class Coord {
 	 * @param y y offset
 	 * @return changed copy
 	 */
-	public Coord add(Number x, Number y)
+	public Coord add(double x, double y)
 	{
 		return copy().add_ip(x, y);
 	}
@@ -135,7 +209,7 @@ public class Coord {
 	 * @param y y offset
 	 * @return this
 	 */
-	public Coord add_ip(Number x, Number y)
+	public Coord add_ip(double x, double y)
 	{
 		return add_ip(x, y, 0);
 	}
@@ -149,7 +223,7 @@ public class Coord {
 	 * @param z z offset
 	 * @return changed copy
 	 */
-	public Coord add(Number x, Number y, Number z)
+	public Coord add(double x, double y, double z)
 	{
 		return copy().add_ip(x, y, z);
 	}
@@ -163,11 +237,12 @@ public class Coord {
 	 * @param z z offset
 	 * @return this
 	 */
-	public Coord add_ip(Number x, Number y, Number z)
+	public Coord add_ip(double x, double y, double z)
 	{
-		this.x += x.doubleValue();
-		this.y += y.doubleValue();
-		this.z += z.doubleValue();
+		assertWritable();
+		this.x += x;
+		this.y += y;
+		this.z += z;
 		return this;
 	}
 	
@@ -179,7 +254,7 @@ public class Coord {
 	 */
 	public Coord copy()
 	{
-		return new Coord(x, y, z);
+		return new Coord(this);
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -191,7 +266,11 @@ public class Coord {
 	 */
 	public double distTo(Coord point)
 	{
-		return Math.sqrt((point.x - x) * (point.x - x) + (point.y - y) * (point.y - y) + (point.z - z) * (point.z - z));
+		final double dx = (point.x() - this.x());
+		final double dy = (point.y() - this.y());
+		final double dz = (point.z() - this.z());
+		
+		return Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy + dz * dz);
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -217,7 +296,11 @@ public class Coord {
 	 */
 	public boolean isInRect(Coord min, Coord max)
 	{
-		return (x >= min.x && x <= max.x) && (y >= min.y && y <= max.y) && (z >= min.z && z <= max.z);
+		if (!Calc.inRange(x(), min.x(), max.x())) return false;
+		if (!Calc.inRange(y(), min.y(), max.y())) return false;
+		if (!Calc.inRange(z(), min.z(), max.z())) return false;
+		
+		return true;
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -268,18 +351,6 @@ public class Coord {
 	}
 	
 	
-	/**
-	 * Multiply each component, in place.
-	 * 
-	 * @param d multiplier
-	 * @return this
-	 */
-	public Coord mul_ip(double d)
-	{
-		return mul_ip(d, d, d);
-	}
-	
-	
 	/**
 	 * Multiply each component, in a copy.
 	 * 
@@ -300,23 +371,21 @@ public class Coord {
 	 * @param y y multiplier
 	 * @return changed copy
 	 */
-	public Coord mul(double x, int y)
+	public Coord mul(double x, double y)
 	{
 		return copy().mul_ip(x, y);
 	}
 	
 	
 	/**
-	 * Multiply each component, in place.<br>
-	 * Z is unchanged.
+	 * Multiply each component, in place.
 	 * 
-	 * @param x x multiplier
-	 * @param y y multiplier
+	 * @param d multiplier
 	 * @return this
 	 */
-	public Coord mul_ip(double x, double y)
+	public Coord mul_ip(double d)
 	{
-		return mul_ip(x, y, 1);
+		return mul_ip(d, d, d);
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -334,6 +403,20 @@ public class Coord {
 	}
 	
 	
+	/**
+	 * Multiply each component, in place.<br>
+	 * Z is unchanged.
+	 * 
+	 * @param x x multiplier
+	 * @param y y multiplier
+	 * @return this
+	 */
+	public Coord mul_ip(double x, double y)
+	{
+		return mul_ip(x, y, 1);
+	}
+	
+	
 	/**
 	 * Multiply each component, in place.
 	 * 
@@ -342,7 +425,7 @@ public class Coord {
 	 */
 	public Coord mul_ip(Coord vec)
 	{
-		return mul_ip(vec.x, vec.y, vec.z);
+		return mul_ip(vec.x(), vec.y(), vec.z());
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -356,6 +439,7 @@ public class Coord {
 	 */
 	public Coord mul_ip(double x, double y, double z)
 	{
+		assertWritable();
 		this.x *= x;
 		this.y *= y;
 		this.z *= z;
@@ -369,18 +453,6 @@ public class Coord {
 	}
 	
 	
-	/**
-	 * offset randomly in place
-	 * 
-	 * @param max max +- offset
-	 * @return this
-	 */
-	public Coord random_offset_ip(double max)
-	{
-		return add(random(1).norm_ip(rand.nextDouble() * max));
-	}
-	
-	
 	/**
 	 * offset randomly
 	 * 
@@ -394,6 +466,18 @@ public class Coord {
 	}
 	
 	
+	/**
+	 * offset randomly in place
+	 * 
+	 * @param max max +- offset
+	 * @return this
+	 */
+	public Coord random_offset_ip(double max)
+	{
+		return add_ip(random(1).norm_ip(rand.nextDouble() * max));
+	}
+	
+	
 	/**
 	 * offset randomly in place
 	 * 
@@ -426,6 +510,7 @@ public class Coord {
 	 */
 	public Coord round_ip()
 	{
+		assertWritable();
 		x = Math.round(x);
 		y = Math.round(y);
 		z = Math.round(z);
@@ -440,9 +525,10 @@ public class Coord {
 	 */
 	public void setToMax(Coord other)
 	{
-		x = Math.max(x, other.x);
-		y = Math.max(y, other.y);
-		z = Math.max(z, other.z);
+		assertWritable();
+		x = Math.max(x, other.x());
+		y = Math.max(y, other.y());
+		z = Math.max(z, other.z());
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -453,9 +539,10 @@ public class Coord {
 	 */
 	public void setToMin(Coord other)
 	{
-		x = Math.min(x, other.x);
-		y = Math.min(y, other.y);
-		z = Math.min(z, other.z);
+		assertWritable();
+		x = Math.min(x, other.x());
+		y = Math.min(y, other.y());
+		z = Math.min(z, other.z());
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -467,7 +554,7 @@ public class Coord {
 	 */
 	public Coord setTo(Coord copied)
 	{
-		return setTo(copied.x, copied.y, copied.z);
+		return setTo(copied.x(), copied.y(), copied.z());
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -478,7 +565,7 @@ public class Coord {
 	 * @param y y coordinate
 	 * @return this
 	 */
-	public Coord setTo(Number x, Number y)
+	public Coord setTo(double x, double y)
 	{
 		return setTo(x, y, 0);
 	}
@@ -492,11 +579,12 @@ public class Coord {
 	 * @param z z coordinate
 	 * @return this
 	 */
-	public Coord setTo(Number x, Number y, Number z)
+	public Coord setTo(double x, double y, double z)
 	{
-		this.x = x.doubleValue();
-		this.y = y.doubleValue();
-		this.z = z.doubleValue();
+		assertWritable();
+		this.x = x;
+		this.y = y;
+		this.z = z;
 		return this;
 	}
 	
@@ -507,71 +595,74 @@ public class Coord {
 	 * @param x x coordinate
 	 * @return copy with set coordinate
 	 */
-	public Coord setX(Number x)
+	public Coord setX(double x)
 	{
 		return copy().setX_ip(x);
 	}
 	
 	
-	/**
-	 * Set X coordinate in place
-	 * 
-	 * @param x x coordinate
-	 * @return this
-	 */
-	public Coord setX_ip(Number x)
-	{
-		this.x = x.doubleValue();
-		return this;
-	}
-	
-	
 	/**
 	 * Set Y coordinate in a copy
 	 * 
 	 * @param y y coordinate
 	 * @return copy with set coordinate
 	 */
-	public Coord setY(Number y)
+	public Coord setY(double y)
 	{
 		return copy().setY_ip(y);
 	}
 	
 	
-	/**
-	 * Set Y coordinate in place
-	 * 
-	 * @param y y coordinate
-	 * @return this
-	 */
-	public Coord setY_ip(Number y)
-	{
-		this.y = y.doubleValue();
-		return this;
-	}
-	
-	
 	/**
 	 * Set Z coordinate in a copy
 	 * 
 	 * @param z z coordinate
 	 * @return copy with set coordinate
 	 */
-	public Coord setZ(Number z)
+	public Coord setZ(double z)
 	{
 		return copy().setZ_ip(z);
 	}
 	
 	
+	/**
+	 * Set X coordinate in place
+	 * 
+	 * @param x x coordinate
+	 * @return this
+	 */
+	public Coord setX_ip(double x)
+	{
+		assertWritable();
+		this.x = x;
+		return this;
+	}
+	
+	
+	/**
+	 * Set Y coordinate in place
+	 * 
+	 * @param y y coordinate
+	 * @return this
+	 */
+	public Coord setY_ip(double y)
+	{
+		assertWritable();
+		this.y = y;
+		return this;
+	}
+	
+	
 	/**
 	 * Set Z coordinate in place
 	 * 
 	 * @param z z coordinate
 	 * @return this
 	 */
-	public Coord setZ_ip(Number z)
+	public Coord setZ_ip(double z)
 	{
-		this.z = z.doubleValue();
+		assertWritable();
+		this.z = z;
 		return this;
 	}
 	
@@ -595,7 +686,7 @@ public class Coord {
 	 * @param y y offset
 	 * @return the offset copy
 	 */
-	public Coord sub(Number x, Number y)
+	public Coord sub(double x, double y)
 	{
 		return copy().sub_ip(x, y);
 	}
@@ -609,7 +700,7 @@ public class Coord {
 	 * @param z z offset
 	 * @return the offset copy
 	 */
-	public Coord sub(Number x, Number y, Number z)
+	public Coord sub(double x, double y, double z)
 	{
 		return copy().sub_ip(x, y, z);
 	}
@@ -623,7 +714,7 @@ public class Coord {
 	 */
 	public Coord sub_ip(Coord vec)
 	{
-		return sub_ip(vec.x, vec.y, vec.z);
+		return sub_ip(vec.x(), vec.y(), vec.z());
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -634,7 +725,7 @@ public class Coord {
 	 * @param y y offset
 	 * @return this
 	 */
-	public Coord sub_ip(Number x, Number y)
+	public Coord sub_ip(double x, double y)
 	{
 		return sub_ip(x, y, 0);
 	}
@@ -648,11 +739,12 @@ public class Coord {
 	 * @param z z offset
 	 * @return this
 	 */
-	public Coord sub_ip(Number x, Number y, Number z)
+	public Coord sub_ip(double x, double y, double z)
 	{
-		this.x -= x.doubleValue();
-		this.y -= y.doubleValue();
-		this.z -= z.doubleValue();
+		assertWritable();
+		this.x -= x;
+		this.y -= y;
+		this.z -= z;
 		return this;
 	}
 	
@@ -672,81 +764,135 @@ public class Coord {
 	/**
 	 * @return X as double
 	 */
+	@Override
 	public double x()
 	{
 		return x;
 	}
 	
 	
-	/**
-	 * @return X as float
-	 */
-	public float xf()
-	{
-		return (float) x;
-	}
-	
-	
-	/**
-	 * @return X as int
-	 */
-	public int xi()
-	{
-		return (int) Math.round(x);
-	}
-	
-	
 	/**
 	 * @return Y as double
 	 */
+	@Override
 	public double y()
 	{
 		return y;
 	}
 	
 	
-	/**
-	 * @return Y as float
-	 */
-	public float yf()
-	{
-		return (float) y;
-	}
-	
-	
-	/**
-	 * @return Y as int
-	 */
-	public int yi()
-	{
-		return (int) Math.round(y);
-	}
-	
-	
 	/**
 	 * @return Z as double
 	 */
+	@Override
 	public double z()
 	{
 		return z;
 	}
 	
 	
+	/**
+	 * @return X as constraint view
+	 */
+	@Override
+	public final NumberConstraint xc()
+	{
+		return xc != null ? xc : new NumberConstraint() {
+			
+			@Override
+			public double getValue()
+			{
+				return x();
+			}
+		};
+	}
+	
+	
+	/**
+	 * @return Y as constraint view
+	 */
+	@Override
+	public final NumberConstraint yc()
+	{
+		return yc != null ? yc : new NumberConstraint() {
+			
+			@Override
+			public double getValue()
+			{
+				return y();
+			}
+		};
+	}
+	
+	
+	/**
+	 * @return Z as constraint view
+	 */
+	@Override
+	public final NumberConstraint zc()
+	{
+		return zc != null ? zc : new NumberConstraint() {
+			
+			@Override
+			public double getValue()
+			{
+				return z();
+			}
+		};
+	}
+	
+	
+	/**
+	 * @return X as float
+	 */
+	public final float xf()
+	{
+		return (float) x();
+	}
+	
+	
+	/**
+	 * @return Y as float
+	 */
+	public final float yf()
+	{
+		return (float) y();
+	}
+	
+	
 	/**
 	 * @return Z as float
 	 */
-	public float zf()
+	public final float zf()
 	{
-		return (float) z;
+		return (float) z();
+	}
+	
+	
+	/**
+	 * @return X as int
+	 */
+	public final int xi()
+	{
+		return (int) Math.round(x());
+	}
+	
+	
+	/**
+	 * @return Y as int
+	 */
+	public final int yi()
+	{
+		return (int) Math.round(y());
 	}
 	
 	
 	/**
 	 * @return Z as int
 	 */
-	public int zi()
+	public final int zi()
 	{
-		return (int) Math.round(z);
+		return (int) Math.round(z());
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -798,9 +944,9 @@ public class Coord {
 	{
 		//@formatter:off
 		setTo(
-				y * vec.z - z * vec.y,
-				z * vec.x - x * vec.z,
-				x * vec.y - y * vec.x
+				y * vec.z() - z * vec.y(),
+				z * vec.x() - x * vec.z(),
+				x * vec.y() - y * vec.x()
 		);
 		//@formatter:on
 		return this;
@@ -815,7 +961,7 @@ public class Coord {
 	 */
 	public double dot(Coord vec)
 	{
-		return x * vec.x + y * vec.y + z * vec.z;
+		return x() * vec.x() + y() * vec.y() + z() * vec.z();
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -879,7 +1025,7 @@ public class Coord {
 	{
 		if (isZero()) return 0;
 		
-		return Math.sqrt(x * x + y * y + z * z);
+		return Math.sqrt(x() * x() + y() * y() + z() * z());
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -888,14 +1034,14 @@ public class Coord {
 	 */
 	public boolean isZero()
 	{
-		return x == 0 && y == 0 && z == 0;
+		return x() == 0 && y() == 0 && z() == 0;
 	}
 	
 	
 	@Override
 	public String toString()
 	{
-		return "[" + x + ", " + y + ", " + z + "]";
+		return String.format("( %.2f, %.2f, %.2f )", x(), y(), z());
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -905,11 +1051,11 @@ public class Coord {
 		final int prime = 31;
 		int result = 1;
 		long temp;
-		temp = Double.doubleToLongBits(x);
+		temp = Double.doubleToLongBits(x());
 		result = prime * result + (int) (temp ^ (temp >>> 32));
-		temp = Double.doubleToLongBits(y);
+		temp = Double.doubleToLongBits(y());
 		result = prime * result + (int) (temp ^ (temp >>> 32));
-		temp = Double.doubleToLongBits(z);
+		temp = Double.doubleToLongBits(z());
 		result = prime * result + (int) (temp ^ (temp >>> 32));
 		return result;
 	}
@@ -922,9 +1068,9 @@ public class Coord {
 		if (obj == null) return false;
 		if (!(obj instanceof Coord)) return false;
 		final Coord other = (Coord) obj;
-		if (Double.doubleToLongBits(x) != Double.doubleToLongBits(other.x)) return false;
-		if (Double.doubleToLongBits(y) != Double.doubleToLongBits(other.y)) return false;
-		if (Double.doubleToLongBits(z) != Double.doubleToLongBits(other.z)) return false;
+		if (Double.doubleToLongBits(x()) != Double.doubleToLongBits(other.x())) return false;
+		if (Double.doubleToLongBits(y()) != Double.doubleToLongBits(other.y())) return false;
+		if (Double.doubleToLongBits(z()) != Double.doubleToLongBits(other.z())) return false;
 		return true;
 	}
 	
@@ -936,7 +1082,7 @@ public class Coord {
 	 */
 	public static Coord zero()
 	{
-		return new Coord(0);
+		return ZERO.copy();
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -947,7 +1093,7 @@ public class Coord {
 	 */
 	public static Coord one()
 	{
-		return new Coord(1);
+		return ONE.copy();
 	}
 	
 	

src/mightypork/utils/math/coord/CoordValue.java

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package mightypork.utils.math.coord;
+
+
+import mightypork.gamecore.gui.constraints.NumberConstraint;
+
+
+/**
+ * Coord values provider
+ * 
+ * @author MightyPork
+ */
+public interface CoordValue {
+	
+	double x();
+	
+	
+	double y();
+	
+	
+	double z();
+	
+	
+	NumberConstraint xc();
+	
+	
+	NumberConstraint zc();
+	
+	
+	NumberConstraint yc();
+	
+}

src/mightypork/utils/math/coord/CoordView.java

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+package mightypork.utils.math.coord;
+
+
+public class CoordView extends Coord {
+	
+	private CoordValue observed = null;
+	
+	
+	public CoordView(CoordValue coord) {
+		observed = coord;
+	}
+	
+	
+	@Override
+	public boolean isView()
+	{
+		return true;
+	}
+	
+	
+	@Override
+	public boolean isWritable()
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+	
+	
+	@Override
+	public Coord view()
+	{
+		return this;
+	}
+	
+	
+	@Override
+	public Coord freeze()
+	{
+		return this; // no effect
+	}
+	
+	
+	@Override
+	public double x()
+	{
+		return observed.x();
+	}
+	
+	
+	@Override
+	public double y()
+	{
+		return observed.y();
+	}
+	
+	
+	@Override
+	public double z()
+	{
+		return observed.z();
+	}
+	
+}

src/mightypork/utils/math/coord/Rect.java

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package mightypork.utils.math.coord;
 
 
+import mightypork.gamecore.gui.constraints.NumberConstraint;
 import mightypork.gamecore.gui.constraints.RectConstraint;
 import mightypork.utils.math.Calc;
 
@@ -12,8 +13,12 @@ import mightypork.utils.math.Calc;
  */
 public class Rect implements RectConstraint {
 	
+	public static final Rect ZERO = new Rect(0, 0, 0, 0).freeze();
+	public static final Rect ONE = new Rect(0, 0, 1, 1).freeze();
+	
+	
 	/**
-	 * Rectangle from size
+	 * Rectangle from size; coords are copied.
 	 * 
 	 * @param min min coord
 	 * @param size rect size
@@ -26,7 +31,7 @@ public class Rect implements RectConstraint {
 	
 	
 	/**
-	 * Make rect from min coord and size
+	 * Make rect from min coord and size; coords are copied.
 	 * 
 	 * @param min min coord
 	 * @param width size x
@@ -35,7 +40,7 @@ public class Rect implements RectConstraint {
 	 */
 	public static Rect fromSize(Coord min, double width, double height)
 	{
-		return new Rect(min, min.add(width, height));
+		return new Rect(min.copy(), min.add(width, height));
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -60,7 +65,7 @@ public class Rect implements RectConstraint {
 	 */
 	public static Rect fromSize(Coord size)
 	{
-		return fromSize(0, 0, size.x, size.y);
+		return fromSize(0, 0, size.x(), size.y());
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -79,10 +84,92 @@ public class Rect implements RectConstraint {
 	}
 	
 	/** Lowest coordinates xy */
-	private final Coord min = new Coord();
+	protected final Coord min;
 	
 	/** Highest coordinates xy */
-	private final Coord max = new Coord();
+	protected final Coord max;
+	
+	// view of secondary corners.
+	
+	//@formatter:off
+	private final ConstraintCoordView HMinVMax = new ConstraintCoordView(
+			new NumberConstraint() {
+				@Override
+				public double getValue()
+				{
+					return min.x();
+				}
+			},
+			new NumberConstraint() {		
+				@Override
+				public double getValue()
+				{
+					return max.y();
+				}
+			},
+			null
+	);
+	
+	
+	private final ConstraintCoordView HMaxVMin = new ConstraintCoordView(			
+			new NumberConstraint() {
+				@Override
+				public double getValue() {
+					return max.x();
+				}
+			},			
+			new NumberConstraint() {
+				@Override
+				public double getValue()
+				{
+					return min.y();
+				}
+			},
+			null
+	);
+	//@formatter:on
+	
+	private boolean frozen;
+	
+	
+	public boolean isWritable()
+	{
+		return !frozen && !isView();
+	}
+	
+	
+	public boolean isView()
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+	
+	
+	public Rect freeze()
+	{
+		min.freeze();
+		max.freeze();
+		frozen = true;
+		return this;
+	}
+	
+	
+	/**
+	 * Get a readonly view
+	 * 
+	 * @return view
+	 */
+	public RectView view()
+	{
+		return new RectView(this);
+	}
+	
+	
+	protected void assertWritable()
+	{
+		if (!isWritable()) {
+			throw new UnsupportedOperationException("This Rect is not writable.");
+		}
+	}
 	
 	
 	/**
@@ -99,18 +186,20 @@ public class Rect implements RectConstraint {
 	 * @param size size coord
 	 */
 	public Rect(Coord size) {
-		this(0, 0, size.x, size.y);
+		this(0, 0, size.x(), size.y());
 	}
 	
 	
 	/**
-	 * New rect of two coords
+	 * New rect of two coords; Coords are plugged in directly (ie. views can be
+	 * used for frozen rect representing another)
 	 * 
-	 * @param c1 coord 1
-	 * @param c2 coord 2
+	 * @param min coord 1
+	 * @param max coord 2
 	 */
-	public Rect(Coord c1, Coord c2) {
-		this(c1.x, c1.y, c2.x, c2.y);
+	public Rect(Coord min, Coord max) {
+		this.min = min; // must not copy
+		this.max = max; // must not copy
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -123,7 +212,8 @@ public class Rect implements RectConstraint {
 	 * @param ymax upper y
 	 */
 	public Rect(double xmin, double ymin, double xmax, double ymax) {
-		setTo(xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax);
+		min = new Coord(xmin, ymin);
+		max = new Coord(xmax, ymax);
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -144,7 +234,7 @@ public class Rect implements RectConstraint {
 	 * @param r other rect
 	 */
 	public Rect(Rect r) {
-		this(r.min.x, r.min.y, r.max.x, r.max.y);
+		this(r.min.copy(), r.max.copy());
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -218,7 +308,7 @@ public class Rect implements RectConstraint {
 	 */
 	public Coord getCenter()
 	{
-		return min.midTo(max);
+		return min.midTo(max).freeze();
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -229,7 +319,7 @@ public class Rect implements RectConstraint {
 	 */
 	public Coord getCenterVMin()
 	{
-		return new Coord((max.x + min.x) / 2D, min.y);
+		return new Coord((max.x() + min.x()) / 2D, min.y()).freeze();
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -240,7 +330,7 @@ public class Rect implements RectConstraint {
 	 */
 	public Coord getCenterHMin()
 	{
-		return new Coord(min.x, (max.y + min.y) / 2D);
+		return new Coord(min.x(), (max.y() + min.y()) / 2D).freeze();
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -251,7 +341,7 @@ public class Rect implements RectConstraint {
 	 */
 	public Coord getCenterHMax()
 	{
-		return new Coord(max.x, (max.y + min.y) / 2D);
+		return new Coord(max.x(), (max.y() + min.y()) / 2D).freeze();
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -262,7 +352,7 @@ public class Rect implements RectConstraint {
 	 */
 	public Coord getCenterVMax()
 	{
-		return new Coord((max.x + min.x) / 2D, max.y);
+		return new Coord((max.x() + min.x()) / 2D, max.y()).freeze();
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -273,7 +363,7 @@ public class Rect implements RectConstraint {
 	 */
 	public Coord getHMinVMin()
 	{
-		return new Coord(min.x, min.y);
+		return min.view();
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -284,7 +374,29 @@ public class Rect implements RectConstraint {
 	 */
 	public Coord getHMinVMax()
 	{
-		return new Coord(min.x, max.y);
+		return HMinVMax;
+	}
+	
+	
+	/**
+	 * Get right bottom
+	 * 
+	 * @return center
+	 */
+	public Coord getHMaxVMin()
+	{
+		return HMaxVMin;
+	}
+	
+	
+	/**
+	 * Get right top
+	 * 
+	 * @return center
+	 */
+	public Coord getHMaxVMax()
+	{
+		return max.view();
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -317,29 +429,7 @@ public class Rect implements RectConstraint {
 	 */
 	public Coord getOrigin()
 	{
-		return getMin();
-	}
-	
-	
-	/**
-	 * Get right bottom
-	 * 
-	 * @return center
-	 */
-	public Coord getHMaxVMin()
-	{
-		return new Coord(max.x, min.y);
-	}
-	
-	
-	/**
-	 * Get right top
-	 * 
-	 * @return center
-	 */
-	public Coord getHMaxVMax()
-	{
-		return new Coord(max.x, max.y);
+		return getHMinVMin();
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -376,7 +466,7 @@ public class Rect implements RectConstraint {
 	 */
 	public Rect shrink_ip(Coord shrink)
 	{
-		shrink_ip(shrink.x, shrink.y);
+		shrink_ip(shrink.x(), shrink.y());
 		return this;
 	}
 	
@@ -461,7 +551,7 @@ public class Rect implements RectConstraint {
 	 */
 	public Rect grow_ip(Coord grow)
 	{
-		grow_ip(grow.x, grow.y);
+		grow_ip(grow.x(), grow.y());
 		return this;
 	}
 	
@@ -521,7 +611,7 @@ public class Rect implements RectConstraint {
 	 */
 	public boolean isInside(Coord point)
 	{
-		return Calc.inRange(point.x, min.x, max.x) && Calc.inRange(point.y, min.y, max.y);
+		return Calc.inRange(point.x(), min.x(), max.x()) && Calc.inRange(point.y(), min.y(), max.y());
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -603,17 +693,6 @@ public class Rect implements RectConstraint {
 	}
 	
 	
-	/**
-	 * Set to [0,0,coord.x,coord.y]
-	 * 
-	 * @param coord size coord
-	 */
-	public void setTo(Coord coord)
-	{
-		setTo(0, 0, coord.x, coord.y);
-	}
-	
-	
 	/**
 	 * Set to coordinates
 	 * 
@@ -624,10 +703,8 @@ public class Rect implements RectConstraint {
 	 */
 	public void setTo(double xmin, double ymin, double xmax, double ymax)
 	{
-		min.x = Calc.min(xmin, xmax);
-		min.y = Calc.min(ymin, ymax);
-		max.x = Calc.max(xmin, xmax);
-		max.y = Calc.max(ymin, ymax);
+		min.setTo(Math.min(xmin, xmax), Math.min(ymin, ymax));
+		max.setTo(Math.max(xmin, xmax), Math.max(ymin, ymax));
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -695,28 +772,10 @@ public class Rect implements RectConstraint {
 	}
 	
 	
-	/**
-	 * @return rect [0,0-1,1]
-	 */
-	public static Rect one()
-	{
-		return new Rect(0, 0, 1, 1);
-	}
-	
-	
-	/**
-	 * @return rect [0,0-0,0]
-	 */
-	public static Rect zero()
-	{
-		return new Rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
-	}
-	
-	
 	@Override
 	public String toString()
 	{
-		return String.format("[( %4.1f; %4.1f )-( %4.1f; %4.1f )]", min.x, min.y, max.x, max.y);
+		return String.format("[%s-%s]", min.toString(), max.toString());
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -725,7 +784,7 @@ public class Rect implements RectConstraint {
 	 */
 	public double xMin()
 	{
-		return min.x;
+		return min.x();
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -734,7 +793,7 @@ public class Rect implements RectConstraint {
 	 */
 	public double xMax()
 	{
-		return max.x;
+		return max.x();
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -743,7 +802,7 @@ public class Rect implements RectConstraint {
 	 */
 	public double yMin()
 	{
-		return min.y;
+		return min.y();
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -752,19 +811,19 @@ public class Rect implements RectConstraint {
 	 */
 	public double yMax()
 	{
-		return max.y;
+		return max.y();
 	}
 	
 	
 	public double getHeight()
 	{
-		return max.y - min.y;
+		return max.y() - min.y();
 	}
 	
 	
 	public double getWidth()
 	{
-		return max.x - min.x;
+		return max.x() - min.x();
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -775,7 +834,7 @@ public class Rect implements RectConstraint {
 	 */
 	public Coord getSize()
 	{
-		return new Coord(max.x - min.x, max.y - min.y);
+		return new Coord(max.x() - min.x(), max.y() - min.y());
 	}
 	
 	
@@ -784,4 +843,26 @@ public class Rect implements RectConstraint {
 	{
 		return this;
 	}
+	
+	
+	/**
+	 * Generate zero rect
+	 * 
+	 * @return zero
+	 */
+	public static Rect zero()
+	{
+		return ZERO.copy();
+	}
+	
+	
+	/**
+	 * Generate 0,0-1,1 rect
+	 * 
+	 * @return one
+	 */
+	public static Rect one()
+	{
+		return ZERO.copy();
+	}
 }

src/mightypork/utils/math/coord/RectView.java

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+package mightypork.utils.math.coord;
+
+
+/**
+ * Read only rect
+ * 
+ * @author MightyPork
+ */
+public class RectView extends Rect {
+	
+	public RectView(Rect observed) {
+		super(observed.min.view(), observed.max.view());
+	}
+	
+	
+	@Override
+	public boolean isWritable()
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+	
+	
+	@Override
+	public boolean isView()
+	{
+		return true;
+	}
+	
+	
+	@Override
+	public Rect freeze()
+	{
+		// do nothing
+		return this;
+	}
+	
+}

src/mightypork/utils/objects/Convert.java

@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ public class Convert {
 		
 		if (o instanceof Coord) {
 			final Coord c = (Coord) o;
-			return String.format("[%f:%f:%f]", c.x, c.y, c.z);
+			return String.format("[%f:%f:%f]", c.x(), c.y(), c.z());
 		}
 		
 		if (o instanceof Range) {