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600 lines
19 KiB
600 lines
19 KiB
<div class="Box fold">
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<h2>Tips & Troubleshooting</h2>
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<div class="Row v">
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<img src="/img/adapter.jpg" class="aside" alt="ESPTerm v2">
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<ul>
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<li><b>Communication UART (Rx, Tx)</b> can be configured in the <a href="<?= url('cfg_system') ?>">System Settings</a>.
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<li><b>Boot log and debug messages</b> are available on pin <b>GPIO2</b> (P2) at 115200\,baud, 1 stop bit, no parity.
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Those messages may be disabled through compile flags.
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<li><b>Loopback test</b>: Connect the Rx and Tx pins with a piece of wire. Anything you type in the browser should
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appear on the screen. Set Parser Timeout = 0 in <a href="<?= url('cfg_term') ?>">Terminal Settings</a>
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to be able to manually enter escape sequences.
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<li><b>For best performance</b>, use the module in Client mode (connected to external network) and minimize the number
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of simultaneous connections. Enabling AP consumes extra RAM and strains the processor.
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<li>In AP mode, <b>check that the WiFi channel used is clear</b>; interference may cause flaky connection.
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A good mobile app to use for this is
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<a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.farproc.wifi.analyzer">WiFi Analyzer (Google Play)</a>.
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Adjust the hotspot strength and range using the Tx Power setting.
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<li>Hold the BOOT button (GPIO0 to GND) for ~1 second to force enable AP. Hold it for ~6 seconds to restore default settings.
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(This is indicated by the blue LED rapidly flashing). Default settings can be overwritten in the
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<a href="<?= url('cfg_system') ?>">System Settings</a>.
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</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="Box fold">
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<h2>Escape Sequences Intro</h2>
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<div class="Row v">
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<img src="/img/vt100.jpg" class="aside" alt="VT102">
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<p>ESPTerm emulates VT102 (pictured) with some additions from later VT models and <code>xterm</code>.
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All commonly used attributes and commands are supported.
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ESPTerm is capable of displaying ncurses applications such as <i>Midnight Commander</i> using <i>agetty</i>.</p>
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<p>
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ESPTerm accepts UTF-8 characters received on the communication UART and displays them on the screen,
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interpreting some codes as Control Characters. Those are e.g. Carriage Return (13), Line Feed (10), Tab (9), Backspace (8) and Bell (7).
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Escape sequences start with the control character ESC (27), followed by any number of ASCII characters
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forming the body of the command. On this page, we'll use <code>\e</code> to indicate ESC.
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</p>
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<p>
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Escape sequences can be divided based on their first character and structure. Most common types are:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>CSI commands: <code>\e[</code> followed by 1 optional leading character, multiple numbers divided by
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semicolons, and one or two trailing characters. Those control the cursor, set attributes and manipulate screen content. E.g. <code>\e[?7;10h</code>, <code>\e[2J</code></li>
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<li>SGR commands: CSI terminated by <code>m</code>. Those set text attributes and colors. E.g. <code>\e[</code></li>
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<li>OSC commands: <code>\e]</code> followed by any number of UTF-8 characters (ESPTerm supports up to 64)
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terminated by <code>\e\\</code> (ESC and backslash) or Bell (7). Those are used to exchange text strings.</li>
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<li>There are a few other commands that don't follow this pattern, such as <code>\e7</code> or
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<code>\e#8</code>, mostly for historical reasons.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>A list of the most important escape sequences is presented in the following sections.</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="Box fold">
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<h2>Screen Behavior</h2>
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<div class="Row v">
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<p>The initial screen size, title text and button labels can be configured in <a href="<?= url('cfg_term') ?>">Terminal Settings</a>.</p>
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<p>
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Screen updates are sent to the browser through a WebSocket after some time of inactivity on the communication UART
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(called "Redraw Delay"). After an update is sent, at least a time of "Redraw Cooldown" must elapse before the next
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update can be sent. Those delays are used is to avoid burdening the server with tiny updates during a large screen
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repaint. If you experience issues (broken image due to dropped bytes), try adjusting those config options. It may also
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be useful to try different baud rates.
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</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="Box fold">
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<h2>Text Attributes</h2>
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<div class="Row v">
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<p>
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All text attributes are set using SGR commands like <code>\e[10;20;30m</code>, with up to 10 numbers separated by semicolons.
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To restore all attributes to their default states, use SGR 0: <code>\e[0m</code> or <code>\e[m</code>.
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</p>
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<p>Those are the supported text attributes SGR codes:</p>
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<table>
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<thead><tr><th>Style</th><th>Enable</th><th>Disable</th></tr></thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr><td><b>Bold</b></td><td>1</td><td>21, 22</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="opacity:.6">Faint</td><td>2</td><td>22</td></tr>
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<tr><td><i>Italic</i></td><td>3</td><td>23</td></tr>
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<tr><td><u>Underlined</u></td><td>4</td><td>24</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Blink</td><td>5</td><td>25</td></tr>
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<tr><td><span style="color:black;background:#ccc;">Inverse</span></td><td>7</td><td>27</td></tr>
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<tr><td><s>Striked</s></td><td>9</td><td>29</td></tr>
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<tr><td>𝔉𝔯𝔞𝔨𝔱𝔲𝔯</td><td>20</td><td>23</td></tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="Box fold theme-0">
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<h2>Colors</h2>
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<div class="Row v">
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<p>Colors are set using SGR commands (like <code>\e[10;20;30m</code>). The following tables list the SGR codes to use.
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Selected colors are used for any new text entered, as well as for empty space when using line and screen clearing commands.
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The configured default colors can be restored using SGR 39 for foreground and SGR 49 for background.</p>
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<p>The actual color representation depends on a color theme which
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can be selected in <a href="<?= url('cfg_term') ?>">Terminal Settings</a>.</p>
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<h3>Foreground colors</h3>
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<div class="colorprev">
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<span class="bg7 fg0">30</span>
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<span class="bg0 fg1">31</span>
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<span class="bg0 fg2">32</span>
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<span class="bg0 fg3">33</span>
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<span class="bg0 fg4">34</span>
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<span class="bg0 fg5">35</span>
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<span class="bg0 fg6">36</span>
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<span class="bg0 fg7">37</span>
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</div>
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<div class="colorprev">
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<span class="bg0 fg8">90</span>
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<span class="bg0 fg9">91</span>
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<span class="bg0 fg10">92</span>
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<span class="bg0 fg11">93</span>
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<span class="bg0 fg12">94</span>
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<span class="bg0 fg13">95</span>
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<span class="bg0 fg14">96</span>
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<span class="bg0 fg15">97</span>
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</div>
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<h3>Background colors</h3>
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<div class="colorprev">
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<span class="bg0 fg15">40</span>
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<span class="bg1 fg15">41</span>
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<span class="bg2 fg15">42</span>
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<span class="bg3 fg0">43</span>
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<span class="bg4 fg15">44</span>
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<span class="bg5 fg15">45</span>
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<span class="bg6 fg15">46</span>
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<span class="bg7 fg0">47</span>
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</div>
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<div class="colorprev">
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<span class="bg8 fg15">100</span>
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<span class="bg9 fg0">101</span>
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<span class="bg10 fg0">102</span>
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<span class="bg11 fg0">103</span>
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<span class="bg12 fg0">104</span>
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<span class="bg13 fg0">105</span>
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<span class="bg14 fg0">106</span>
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<span class="bg15 fg0">107</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="Box fold">
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<h2>User Input</h2>
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<div class="Row v">
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<h3>Keyboard</h3>
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<p>
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The user can input text using their keyboard, or on Android, using the on-screen keyboard which is open using
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a button beneath the screen. Supported are all printable characters, as well as many control keys, such as arrows, Ctrl+letters
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and function keys. Sequences sent by function keys are based on VT102 and xterm.
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</p>
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<p>
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The codes sent by Home, End, F1-F4 and cursor keys are affected by various keyboard modes (Application Cursor Keys,
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Application Numpad Mode, SS3 Fn Keys Mode).
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Some can be set in the <a href="<?= url('cfg_term') ?>">Terminal Settings</a>, others via commands.
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</p>
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<p>
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Here are some examples of control key codes:
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</p>
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<table>
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<thead><tr><th>Key</th><th>Code</th><th>Key</th><th>Code</th></tr></thead>
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<tr>
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<td>🡑</td>
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<td><code>\e[A</code></td>
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<td>F1</td>
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<td><code>\eOP</code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>🡓</td>
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<td><code>\e[B</code></td>
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<td>F2</td>
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<td><code>\eOQ</code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>🡒</td>
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<td><code>\e[C</code></td>
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<td>F3</td>
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<td><code>\eOR</code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>🡐</td>
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<td><code>\e[D</code></td>
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<td>F4</td>
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<td><code>\eOS</code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>Home</td>
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<td><code>\eOH</code></td>
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<td>F5</td>
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<td><code>\e[15~</code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>End</td>
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<td><code>\eOF</code></td>
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<td>F6</td>
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<td><code>\e[17~</code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>Insert</td>
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<td><code>\e[2~</code></td>
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<td>F7</td>
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<td><code>\e[18~</code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>Delete</td>
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<td><code>\e[3~</code></td>
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<td>F8</td>
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<td><code>\e[19~</code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>Page Up</td>
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<td><code>\e[5~</code></td>
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<td>F9</td>
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<td><code>\e[20~</code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>Page Down</td>
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<td><code>\e[6~</code></td>
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<td>F10</td>
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<td><code>\e[21~</code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>Enter</td>
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<td><code>CR (13)</code></td>
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<td>F11</td>
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<td><code>\e[23~</code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>Ctrl+Enter</td>
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<td><code>LF (10)</code></td>
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<td>F12</td>
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<td><code>\e[24~</code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>Tab</td>
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<td><code>TAB (9)</code></td>
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<td>ESC</td>
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<td><code>ESC (27)</code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>Backspace</td>
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<td><code>BS (8)</code></td>
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<td>Ctrl+A..Z</td>
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<td><code>ASCII 1-26</code></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3>Action buttons</h3>
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<p>
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The blue buttons under the screen send ASCII codes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, which incidentally correspond to Ctrl+A,B,C,D,E.
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This choice was made to make button press parsing as simple as possible.
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</p>
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<h3>Mouse</h3>
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<p>
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ESPTerm in the current version does not implement standard mouse input. Instead, clicks/taps produce CSI sequences
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<code>\e[<i>r</i>;<i>c</i>M</code> (row, column). You can use this for virtual on-screen buttons.
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</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="Box fold">
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<h2>Cursor Commands</h2>
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<div class="Row v">
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<p>
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The coordinates are 1-based, origin is top left. The cursor can move within the entire screen,
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or in the active Scrolling Region if Origin Mode is enabled.
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</p>
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<p>After writing a character, the cursor advances to the right. If it has reached the end of the row,
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it stays on the same line, but writing the next character makes it jump to the start of the next
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line first, scrolling up if needed. If Auto-wrap mode is disabled, the cursor never wraps or scrolls
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the screen.
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</p>
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<p>
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<b>Legend:</b>
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Italic letters such as <i>n</i> are ASCII numbers that serve as arguments, separated with a semicolon.
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If an argument is left out, it's treated as 0 or 1, depending on what makes sense for the command.
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</p>
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<h3>Movement</h3>
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<table class="ansiref w100">
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<thead><tr><th>Code</th><th>Meaning</th></tr></thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td>
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\e[<i>n</i>A<br>
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\e[<i>n</i>B<br>
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\e[<i>n</i>C<br>
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\e[<i>n</i>D
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</td>
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<td>Move cursor up (A), down (B), right (C), left (D)</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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\e[<i>n</i>F<br>
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\e[<i>n</i>E
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</td>
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<td>Go <i>n</i> lines up (F) or down (E), start of line</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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\e[<i>r</i>d<br>
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\e[<i>c</i>G<br>
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\e[<i>r</i>;<i>c</i>H
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</td>
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<td>
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Go to absolute position - row (d), column (G), or both (H). Use <code>\e[H</code> to go to 1,1.
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>\e[6n</td>
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<td>Query cursor position. Sent back as <code>\e[<i>r</i>;<i>c</i>R</code>.</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<h3>Save / restore</h3>
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<table class="ansiref w100">
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<thead><tr><th>Code</th><th>Meaning</th></tr></thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td>\e[s<br>\e[u</td>
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<td>Save (s) or restore (u) cursor position</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>\e7<br>\e8</td>
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<td>Save (7) or restore (8) cursor position and attributes</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<h3>Scrolling Region</h3>
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<table class="ansiref w100">
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<thead><tr><th>Code</th><th>Meaning</th></tr></thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td>\e[<i>a</i>;<i>b</i>r</td>
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<td>Set scrolling region to rows <i>a</i> through <i>b</i> and go to 1,1. By default, the
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scrolling region spans the entire screen height. The cursor can leave the region using
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absolute position commands, unless Origin Mode (see below) is active.</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>\e[?6h<br>\e[?6l</td>
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<td>Enable (h) or disable (l) Origin Mode and go to 1,1. In Origin Mode, all coordinates
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are relative to the Scrolling Region and the cursor can't leave the region.</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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\e[<i>n</i>S<br>
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\e[<i>n</i>T
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</td>
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<td>Move contents of the Scrolling Region up (S) or down (T), pad with empty lines of the current background color.</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<h3>Tab stops</h3>
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<table class="ansiref w100">
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<thead><tr><th>Code</th><th>Meaning</th></tr></thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td>\eH</td>
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<td>Set tab stop at the current column. There are, by default, tabs every 8 columns.</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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\e[<i>n</i>I<br>
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\e[<i>n</i>Z
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</td>
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<td>Advance (I) or go back (Z) <i>n</i> tab stops or end/start of line. ASCII TAB (9) is equivalent to <code>\e[1I</code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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\e[0g<br>
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\e[3g<br>
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</td>
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<td>Clear tab stop at the current column (0), or all columns (3).</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<h3>Other options</h3>
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<table class="ansiref w100">
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<thead><tr><th>Code</th><th>Meaning</th></tr></thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td>\e[?7h<br>\e[?7l</td>
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<td>Enable (h) or disable (l) cursor auto-wrap and screen auto-scroll</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>\e[?25h<br>\e[?25l</td>
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<td>Show (h) or hide (l) the cursor</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</div>
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</div>
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|
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<div class="Box fold">
|
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<h2>Screen Content Manipulation</h2>
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|
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<div class="Row v">
|
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<p>
|
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<b>Legend:</b>
|
|
Italic letters such as <i>n</i> are ASCII numbers that serve as arguments, separated with a semicolon.
|
|
If an argument is left out, it's treated as 0 or 1, depending on what makes sense for the command.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<table class="ansiref w100">
|
|
<thead><tr><th>Code</th><th>Meaning</th></tr></thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>\e[<i>m</i>J</td>
|
|
<td>Clear part of screen. <i>m</i>: 0 - from cursor, 1 - to cursor, 2 - all</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>\e[<i>m</i>K</td>
|
|
<td>Erase part of line. <i>m</i>: 0 - from cursor, 1 - to cursor, 2 - all</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
\e[<i>n</i>X
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>Erase <i>n</i> characters in line.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
\e[<i>n</i>L<br>
|
|
\e[<i>n</i>M
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>Insert (L) or delete (M) <i>n</i> lines. Following lines are pulled up or pushed down.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
\e[<i>n</i>@<br>
|
|
\e[<i>nP
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>Insert (@) or delete (P) <i>n</i> characters. The rest of the line is pulled left or pushed right.
|
|
Characters going past the end of line are lost.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="Box fold">
|
|
<h2>Alternate Character Sets</h2>
|
|
|
|
<div class="Row v">
|
|
<p>
|
|
ESPTerm implements Alternate Character Sets as a way to print box drawing characters
|
|
and special symbols. A character set can change what each received ASCII character
|
|
is printed as on the screen (eg. "{" is "π" in codepage 0). The implementation is based
|
|
on the original VT devices.
|
|
Since ESPTerm also fully supports UTF-8, you can probably ignore this feature and use
|
|
Unicode directly. It's added for compatibility with some programs that use this.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The following codepages are implemented:</p>
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>B - US ASCII (default)</li>
|
|
<li>A - UK ASCII: # replaced with £</li>
|
|
<li>0 - Symbols and basic line drawing (standard DEC alternate character set)</li>
|
|
<li>1 - Symbols and advanced line drawing (based on DOS codepage 437)</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
<p>To see what character maps to which symbol, look in the source code or try it. All codepages use codes 32-127, 32 being space.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
There are two character set slots, G0 and G1.
|
|
Those slots are selected as active using ASCII codes Shift In and Shift Out (those originally served for shifting
|
|
a red-black typewriter tape). Each slot (G0 and G1) can have a different codepage assigned. G0 and G1 and the active slot number are
|
|
saved and restored with the cursor and cleared with a screen reset (<code>\ec</code>).
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The following commands are used:</p>
|
|
|
|
<table class="ansiref w100">
|
|
<thead><tr><th>Code</th><th>Meaning</th></tr></thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>\e(<i>x</i></td>
|
|
<td>Set G0 = codepage <i>x</i></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>\e)<i>x</i></td>
|
|
<td>Set G1 = codepage <i>x</i></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>SO (14)</td>
|
|
<td>Activate G0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>SI (15)</td>
|
|
<td>Activate G1</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="Box fold">
|
|
<h2>System Commands</h2>
|
|
|
|
<div class="Row v">
|
|
<p>
|
|
It's possible to dynamically change the screen title text and action button labels.
|
|
Setting an empty label to a button makes it look disabled. The buttons send ASCII 1-5 when clicked.
|
|
Those changes are not retained after restart.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<table class="ansiref w100">
|
|
<thead><tr><th>Code</th><th>Meaning</th></tr></thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>\ec</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
Clear screen, reset attributes and cursor.
|
|
The screen size, title and button labels remain unchanged.
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>\e[5n</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
Query device status, ESPTerm replies with <code>\e[0n</code> "device is OK".
|
|
Can be used to check if the terminal has booted up and is ready to receive commands.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>CAN (24)</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
This ASCII code is not a command, but is sent by ESPTerm when it becomes ready to receive commands.
|
|
When this code is received on the UART, it means ESPTerm has restarted and is ready. Use this to detect
|
|
spontaneous restarts which require a full screen repaint.
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>\e]0;<i>title</i>\a</td>
|
|
<td>Set screen title (this is a standard OSC command)</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
\e]<i>81</i>;<i>btn1</i>\a<br>
|
|
\e]<i>82</i>;<i>btn2</i>\a<br>
|
|
\e]<i>83</i>;<i>btn3</i>\a<br>
|
|
\e]<i>84</i>;<i>btn4</i>\a<br>
|
|
\e]<i>85</i>;<i>btn5</i>\a<br>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>Set button 1-5 label - eg. <code>\e]81;Yes\a</code>
|
|
sets the first button text to "Yes".</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>\e[8;<i>r</i>;<i>c</i>t</td>
|
|
<td>Set screen size (this is a command borrowed from xterm)</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|