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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 3, 29 June 2007
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END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
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To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
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state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
USB RELAY
Copyright (C) 2022 Ondřej Hruška <ondra@ondrovo.com>
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
USB RELAY Copyright (C) 2022 Ondřej Hruška <ondra@ondrovo.com>
This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands
might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you
may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
Public License instead of this License. But first, please read
<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html>.

13
Makefile
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@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
VID = 0xbeef VID = 0xbeef
PID = 0x0001 PID = 0x0001
CDEFS = -DDEVICE_VID=$(VID)UL LUFA_PATH = src/lufa-LUFA-210130/LUFA
CDEFS += -DDEVICE_PID=$(PID)UL LD_FLAGS = -Wl,--gc-sections -Wl,--relax
MCU = atmega32u4 MCU = atmega32u4
@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ F_USB = $(F_CPU)
OPTIMIZATION = s OPTIMIZATION = s
BOARD = USER BOARD = USER
CDEFS = -DDEVICE_VID=$(VID)UL
CDEFS += -DDEVICE_PID=$(PID)UL
CC_FLAGS = -Isrc -DUSE_LUFA_CONFIG_HEADER -IConfig/ $(CDEFS) -I$(LUFA_PATH)/ CC_FLAGS = -Isrc -DUSE_LUFA_CONFIG_HEADER -IConfig/ $(CDEFS) -I$(LUFA_PATH)/
CC_FLAGS += -std=gnu99 -mmcu=$(MCU) -DF_CPU=$(F_CPU)UL $(CDEFS) CC_FLAGS += -std=gnu99 -mmcu=$(MCU) -DF_CPU=$(F_CPU)UL $(CDEFS)
CC_FLAGS += -funsigned-char -funsigned-bitfields -fpack-struct -fshort-enums CC_FLAGS += -funsigned-char -funsigned-bitfields -fpack-struct -fshort-enums
@ -23,9 +25,6 @@ CC_FLAGS += -Wall -Wno-main -Wno-strict-prototypes -Wno-comment
CC_FLAGS += -g2 -Wextra -Wfatal-errors -Wno-unused-but-set-variable CC_FLAGS += -g2 -Wextra -Wfatal-errors -Wno-unused-but-set-variable
CC_FLAGS += -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -Os $(LUFA_OPTS) CC_FLAGS += -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -Os $(LUFA_OPTS)
LUFA_PATH = src/lufa-LUFA-210130/LUFA
LD_FLAGS = -Wl,--gc-sections -Wl,--relax
include $(LUFA_PATH)/Build/lufa_core.mk include $(LUFA_PATH)/Build/lufa_core.mk
include $(LUFA_PATH)/Build/lufa_sources.mk include $(LUFA_PATH)/Build/lufa_sources.mk
@ -49,8 +48,8 @@ eeprom: $(TARGET).eeprom
flash: $(TARGET).hex flash: $(TARGET).hex
stty -F /dev/ttyACM0 speed 1200 #stty -F /dev/ttyACM0 speed 1200
stty -F /dev/ttyACM0 speed 115200 #stty -F /dev/ttyACM0 speed 115200
$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) $(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) -U flash:w:$< $(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) $(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) -U flash:w:$<
flashe: $(TARGET).eeprom flashe: $(TARGET).eeprom

78
README.md
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@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
# USB GPIO
Simplest USB GPIO output with Arduino Pro Micro.
There is no input function. It can be easily added, but I didn't need it.
## How to use it
The device appears as a USB-serial ttyACMx. Write characters to it. Everything works in character mode.
There's no harm in sending CRLF, these are discarded with no reply.
- Uppercase letters turn GPIOs on, their lowercase counterparts turn them on.
- Valid commands return the same character back. Unknown commands return "?".
- "0" turns all *off*, "1" turns all *on*. This is handy if you need just one signal, or want to shut everything down.
Mapping - see the X-table in main.c
GPIOs on the pro micro board are like so:
```
A D3 ---(usb)--- raw
B D2 gnd
gnd rst
gnd vcc
C D1 F4 R
D D0 F5 Q
E D4 F6 P
F C6 F7 O
G C7 B1 N
H E6 B3 M
I B4 B2 L
J B5 ------------ B6 K
top view
```
The left LED blinks on activity, right LED blinks with ~5s interval to indicate operation.
## Hardware connections
Hook this up to a SSR or LEDs or whatever that needs switching on and off. All GPIOs on the board are accessible.
Remember: Max current per pin is 10mA, max total current is 150mA. It can take a bit more, but it's not recommended.
Use transistors or driver IC if needed.
## Building
This is a firmware for Arduino Pro Micro ("Leonardo"), using ATMEGA32U4.
It can be ported to any AVR that's supported by LUFA.
To compile it, download the LUFA library and update LUFA_PATH in Makefile.
- https://github.com/abcminiuser/lufa
- www.lufa-lib.org
The exact version I used is 2021-01-30: http://www.github.com/abcminiuser/lufa/archive/LUFA-210130.zip
Run "make all" to build everything, or "make hex" to build only the elf and hex.
## Flashing
use avr-gcc and avrdude, flash with "make flash".
### How to enter bootloader
This board is old and dumb, there is no reset button and the bootloader often fails to start.
To go into BOOT, tap the RST button twice (if there is a button), or touch a wire from GND to RST twice within a second.
I don't know how this works, maybe the bootloader disables the reset function temporarily.
This trick sometimes doesn't work. Also, there is a timeout, then it exits bootloader by itself.
.

0
makefile.bak.buggy → makefile.broken
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2
src/Descriptors.c
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@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
/* /*
* this file is based on LUFA, however, modified.
*
LUFA Library LUFA Library
Copyright (C) Dean Camera, 2011. Copyright (C) Dean Camera, 2011.

111
src/main.c
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@ -11,26 +11,22 @@
#define LED_SETUP() DDRB |= (1<<0); DDRD |= (1<<5); #define LED_SETUP() DDRB |= (1<<0); DDRD |= (1<<5);
#define L_LED_OFF() PORTD |= (1<<5) #define L_LED_OFF() PORTD |= (1<<5)
#define L_LED_ON() PORTD &= ~(1<<5) #define L_LED_ON() PORTD &= ~(1<<5)
#define L_LED_TOGGLE() PORTD ^= (1<<5)
#define DATA_LED_OFF() PORTB |= (1<<0) #define DATA_LED_OFF() PORTB |= (1<<0)
#define DATA_LED_ON() PORTB &= ~(1<<0) #define DATA_LED_ON() PORTB &= ~(1<<0)
/* Pulse generation counters to keep track of the time remaining for each pulse type */ static uint16_t DataBlinkCounter = 0;
#define DATA_LED_PULSE_PERIOD 100 static uint32_t HeartbeatCounter = 498000; // make it blink immediately
uint16_t DataLEDPulse = 0; // time remaining for Data LED pulse
uint16_t LLEDPulse;
void LEDPulse(void) void LEDPulse(void)
{ {
LLEDPulse++; HeartbeatCounter++;
uint8_t p = LLEDPulse >> 8; if (HeartbeatCounter > 498000) {
if (p > 127) L_LED_ON();
p = 254-p; }
p += p; if (HeartbeatCounter > 500000) {
if (((uint8_t)LLEDPulse) > p) L_LED_OFF();
L_LED_OFF(); HeartbeatCounter = 0;
else }
L_LED_ON();
} }
@ -38,6 +34,11 @@ static int16_t UsbReceiveByte() {
return CDC_Device_ReceiveByte(&VirtualSerial_CDC_Interface); return CDC_Device_ReceiveByte(&VirtualSerial_CDC_Interface);
} }
static int8_t UsbSendByte(uint8_t byte) {
return CDC_Device_SendByte(&VirtualSerial_CDC_Interface, byte);
}
static int8_t UsbSendData(const uint8_t* const bytes, uint16_t len) { static int8_t UsbSendData(const uint8_t* const bytes, uint16_t len) {
return CDC_Device_SendData(&VirtualSerial_CDC_Interface, bytes, len); return CDC_Device_SendData(&VirtualSerial_CDC_Interface, bytes, len);
} }
@ -64,26 +65,76 @@ void main () {
/* Enable global interrupts so that the USB stack can function */ /* Enable global interrupts so that the USB stack can function */
sei(); sei();
// keep the indicator on for a while #define PINS \
int light_cnt = 0; X(D, 3, 'A') \
X(D, 2, 'B') \
X(D, 1, 'C') \
X(D, 0, 'D') \
X(D, 4, 'E') \
X(C, 6, 'F') \
X(D, 7, 'G') \
X(E, 6, 'H') \
X(B, 4, 'I') \
X(B, 5, 'J') \
X(B, 6, 'K') \
X(B, 2, 'L') \
X(B, 3, 'M') \
X(B, 1, 'N') \
X(F, 7, 'O') \
X(F, 6, 'P') \
X(F, 5, 'Q') \
X(F, 4, 'R')
#define X(port, pin, ch) DDR##port |= _BV(pin);
PINS
#undef X
for (;;) for (;;)
{ {
LEDPulse(); LEDPulse();
int16_t ch = UsbReceiveByte(); int16_t readch = UsbReceiveByte();
if (ch > 0) { if (readch > 0 && readch != '\r' && readch != '\n') {
light_cnt = 10; DATA_LED_ON();
DataBlinkCounter = 1000; // this makes a pretty short blink
if (ch == 'a') { bool valid = 0;
UsbSendString_P(PSTR("OFF\r\n"));
} else if (ch == 'A') { if (readch == '0') {
UsbSendString_P(PSTR("ON\r\n")); valid = 1;
} #define X(port, pin, ch) \
PORT##port &= ~_BV(pin);
PINS
#undef X
} else if (readch == '1') {
valid = 1;
#define X(port, pin, ch) \
PORT##port |= _BV(pin);
PINS
#undef X
} else
// xmacro magic
#define X(port, pin, ch) \
if (readch == ch) { \
PORT##port |= _BV(pin); \
valid = 1; \
} else if (readch == (ch + 32)) { /* lowercase */ \
PORT##port &= ~_BV(pin); \
valid = 1; \
} else
PINS
/* last else */ {}
#undef X
if (valid) {
UsbSendByte(readch);
} else {
UsbSendByte('?');
}
} }
if (light_cnt > 0) { if (DataBlinkCounter > 0) {
light_cnt--; DataBlinkCounter--;
} else { } else {
DATA_LED_OFF(); DATA_LED_OFF();
} }
@ -93,10 +144,6 @@ void main () {
} }
} }
/** Event handler for the library USB Connection event. */ /** Event handler for the library USB Connection event. */
void EVENT_USB_Device_Connect(void) void EVENT_USB_Device_Connect(void)
{ {

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