forth/include/fh_runtime.h

/**
 * Forth runtime internals
 *
 * Created on 2021/11/13.
 */

#ifndef FORTH_FH_RUNTIME_H
#define FORTH_FH_RUNTIME_H

#include <stdint.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdbool.h>

#include "fh_config.h"

struct fh_word_s;
struct fh_instruction_s;
struct fh_thread_s;

/** Word handler typedef */
typedef enum fh_error (*word_exec_t)(struct fh_thread_s *fh, const struct fh_word_s *w);

/** Bytecode instruction type marker */
enum fb_instruction_kind {
  /* Data = word pointer (dict index) */
  FH_INSTR_WORD,

  /* Data = numeric value to push onto the data stack */
  FH_INSTR_NUMBER,

  /** End of a user defined word, pop address and jump back */
  FH_INSTR_ENDWORD,

  /** This is the `s"` instruction, the length (u32) and string data immediately follow */
  FH_INSTR_ALLOCSTR,

  /** This is the `."` instruction, same format as above. */
  FH_INSTR_TYPESTR,

  /* Unconditional jump */
  FH_INSTR_JUMP,

  /* Jump if zero */
  FH_INSTR_JUMPZERO,

  /* Postponed word */
  FH_INSTR_POSTPONED_WORD,
};

/** One instruction in bytecode */
struct fh_instruction_s {
  /** What is the meaning of data? */
  enum fb_instruction_kind kind;
  /** Data word */
  uint32_t data;
};

static inline void instr_init(struct fh_instruction_s *instr, enum fb_instruction_kind kind, uint32_t data)
{
  instr->kind = kind;
  instr->data = data;
}

#define INSTR_SIZE (sizeof(struct fh_instruction_s))

_Static_assert(sizeof(struct fh_instruction_s) % 4 == 0, "Instruction struct is aligned");

/** Forth runtime major state */
enum fh_state {
  /** Interactive interpret mode */
  FH_STATE_INTERPRET = 0,
  /** Compiling */
  FH_STATE_COMPILE,
  /** Quit from RUN to interpret */
  FH_STATE_QUIT,
  /** Shutting down the runtime */
  FH_STATE_SHUTDOWN,
  FH_STATE_MAX,
};

/** Forth runtime minor state */
enum fh_substate {
  FH_SUBSTATE_NONE = 0,
  FH_SUBSTATE_COLON_NAME,
  FH_SUBSTATE_S_QUOTE,
  FH_SUBSTATE_DOT_QUOTE,
  FH_SUBSTATE_PAREN_COMMENT,
  FH_SUBSTATE_LINE_COMMENT,
  FH_SUBSTATE_EXIT,
  FH_SUBSTATE_SEE_NAME,
  FH_SUBSTATE_POSTPONE_NAME,
  FH_SUBSTATE_MAX,
};

/** Word struct as they are stored in the dictionary */
struct fh_word_s {
  uint32_t index;
  /** Word name */
  char name[MAX_NAME_LEN];
  /**
   * Handler function.
   * Builtin functions use pre-defined native handlers.
   * User words use a shared handler that executes compiled
   * bytecode at 'start' address of the compile-memory area.
   */
  word_exec_t handler;
  /** Indicates that this is a built-in instruction and not a word call */
  bool builtin;
  /** Indicates that this instruction should always be treated as interpreted,
   * in practice this is only used for `;` */
  bool immediate;
  /** Start address in case of user words, or param for builtins */
  union {
    uint32_t start;
    uint32_t param;
  };
};

/**
 * Forth runtime instance - state variables and memory areas.
 *
 * Some memory areas, such as the dict or heap, could be moved
 * to a shared pointer if multi-threading and synchronization is added.
 */
struct fh_thread_s {
  /** Control stack */
  uint32_t control_stack[CONTROL_STACK_DEPTH];
  size_t control_stack_top;
  size_t control_stack_hwm;

  /** Data stack */
  uint32_t data_stack[DATA_STACK_DEPTH];
  size_t data_stack_top;
  size_t data_stack_hwm;

  /** Return stack */
  uint32_t return_stack[RETURN_STACK_DEPTH];
  size_t return_stack_top;
  size_t return_stack_hwm;

  /** Data heap */
  uint8_t heap[HEAP_SIZE];
  size_t heap_top; // aka "HERE"

  /** Compile buffer, used for both word data and literals */
  uint8_t compile[COMPILED_BUFFER_SIZE];
  size_t compile_top;
  /** Pointer into the compile buffer for execution */
  uint32_t execptr;

  /** Word dict */
  struct fh_word_s dict[DICT_SIZE];
  uint32_t dict_top;

  /** Forth state */
  enum fh_state state;

  /** Forth sub-state */
  enum fh_substate substate;

  /** The numeric base register */
  uint32_t base;
};

enum fh_error fh_add_word(const struct fh_word_s *w, struct fh_thread_s *fh);

void fh_setstate(struct fh_thread_s *fh, enum fh_state state, enum fh_substate substate);
void fh_setsubstate(struct fh_thread_s *fh, enum fh_substate substate);

enum fh_error w_user_word(struct fh_thread_s *fh, const struct fh_word_s *w);

/* if the return address is this, we should drop back to interactive mode */

// SFR and magic addresses are "negative"
#define MAGICADDR_INTERACTIVE 0xFFFFFFFFULL
#define MAGICADDR_BASE        0xFFFFBA5EULL
#define MAGICADDR_HERE        0xFFFF4E7EULL
#define MAGICADDR_UNRESOLVED  0xFFFFFBADULL

/** Get a value rounded up to multiple of word size */
#define WORDALIGNED(var) (((var) + 3) & ~3)

_Static_assert(WORDALIGNED(0) == 0, "word align");
_Static_assert(WORDALIGNED(1) == 4, "word align");
_Static_assert(WORDALIGNED(2) == 4, "word align");
_Static_assert(WORDALIGNED(3) == 4, "word align");
_Static_assert(WORDALIGNED(4) == 4, "word align");
_Static_assert(WORDALIGNED(5) == 8, "word align");
_Static_assert(WORDALIGNED(1023) == 1024, "word align");
_Static_assert(WORDALIGNED(1024) == 1024, "word align");

#define TRY(x) \
  do { \
    if (FH_OK != (rv = (x))) return rv; \
  } while (0)

enum fh_error fh_handle_ascii_word(
    struct fh_thread_s *fh,
    const char *name,
    size_t wordlen
);

enum fh_error fh_handle_word(struct fh_thread_s *fh, const struct fh_word_s *w);

#endif //FORTH_FH_RUNTIME_H